Business Letter to the Editor for Western Herald Essay

Overview: With the previous unit, we explored personal writing suitable for academic audiences by reading scholarship from monographic texts and academic journals. For this unit, we’ll shift our emphasis to public writing that is also suitable for academic audiences. While we’ll plan to read academic scholarship, we’ll also explore different genres for which academic texts are suitable, including editorial publications. More specifically, we’ll look at opinions and letters to the editor published by the Western Herald. As we plan to work specifically with the letter to the editor genre, we’ll pay close attention to how argumentation styles, uses of evidence, and consultation of sources differs when writing a scholarly autobiographical academic essay. To prepare for the composition of editorials, we’ll read sample letters to the editors, and arguments pertaining to cultural diversity. The Task Your task will be to compose a letter to the editor that is suitable for publication in Western Herald. For this letter, you will select an issue that you are passionate about on Western’s Campus or the surrounding Kalamazoo area. Your letter should respond to the following questions: What specific issue matters most to me right now? Why should this issue matter to readers of Western Herald? To complete this assignment, you’ll first want to become familiar with the  editorial requirements for submitting letters to Western Herald. These requirements can be found on http://www.westernherald.com/letter-to-the-editor/ Next, you’ll want to read a few letters to the editor published by Western Herlad to get a sense of the stylistics conventions and argumentation strategies authors used to compose these editorials. Finally, you’ll consult course texts that discuss multiculturalism and diversity. You’ll also plan to locate, evaluate, and consult additional editorials and academic essays that address issues of linguistic diversity. In essence, you’ll need to reference sufficient and appropriate evidence necessary for persuading readers of your argument.

Cultural object Essay

The object is an illustration present in a rectangle paper. The paper itself is glossy, thin and fine meshed. In the object, the words â€Å"SUPERMAN† can be found illustrated at the top of the paper in a block, all caps font, colored yellow with red lining. Below it and slightly to the right can be found the words â€Å"SUPERMAN ON EARTH† set in yellow all caps block font. At the center of the rectangular paper is a depiction of a male Caucasian garbed in a blue colored fitting suit, with a red triangular cloth covering the genitalia and a red cape flowing from the shoulders. Situated at the center of the man’s chest is a symbol, an â€Å"S† painted in red inside a red outlined pentagon filled with yellow. The illustration of the male Caucasian is seen standing over a depiction of the horizon of the world. On the left side of the male is an illustration of an explosion, with rocks being scattered. At the center of the explosion is an illustration of an elderly man and a woman garbed in a grey suit. The elderly man has the same symbol on his chest as that of the male in the center, although the elder man’s symbol is outlined in black. To the right of the male Caucasian in the center is a depiction of a star, pale white in color, with spires arising from the four primary and four secondary directions. The background is set in a black sky dotted by stars. A circular emblem colored blue and white and containing four stars set around the letters â€Å"DC† can be found on the upper left corner. Slightly below it is the words â€Å"No. 1, May ‘02† inside a yellow star like object. From the treatment of the paper to make it glossy, it is probable that this superman figure is of some importance to their (American) culture. The words â€Å"Superman on Earth† denotes his origin as extraterrestrial, as seen when accounting for the stellar background. The couple to his right is probably his parents since the elder man has the same symbol emblazoned on his chest. Deriving meaning from the name, superman means a man above the rest or a man better than the rest, giving a clue that the man is no ordinary human and may be imbued with special powers. His bearing whilst sanding over the world is more of as a guardian that as a creator giving a hint that as someone with extraordinary powers, he may have used those powers to guide or guard the world. In considering all of this, the figure could be a mythical hero of their culture whose exploits are recorded or told in a series of manuscripts using detailed illustrations and words to convey the story. The â€Å"no1, May 02 may refer to the date this illustration was created or made available. Biological Context of the Object Humanity’s interest in mythical heroes can be seen throughout history. These heroes usually have above average traits that set them apart from the normal persons of the times. This drive can be a result of humanity’s recognition of evolution and the principle that those with particular traits like incredible strength or stamina survived much longer and are better equipped to accomplish more than their ordinary counterparts. This veneration for those with extraordinary powers probably arose upon man’s recognition of his own physical limitations. When compared upon his prey, animals, man saw that there are some traits that would be useful. Flight in birds, speed in cheetahs, strength in bears, endurance of mammoths, and these traits made man wish that they had them. These wishes translated to mythical accounts of what it would be like to have those kinds of powers, accounts that are now perceived as myths and legends. Humans are the only species to be found capable of abstract thought. This allows us to manipulate resources in order to derive enjoyment. Literature, arts, these things enable us to derive enjoyment from our current society. Throughout history, civilizations have tried, after realizing their basic needs, to indulge in pleasure. Curiosity in man has also led to advancement. Myths and legends are byproducts of mans inquiry as to the nature of the world and philosophy as to the nature of the self. The object is a product of man’s persistent question, what if? Cultural/historical context: Depictions of individual with powers greater than that of mortal men can be found throughout history, in various cultures. These can be found in depictions of supernatural beings with extraordinary powers. Usually, myths stem from established cultures whose basic needs like food, shelter and security are ensured. It is then that the society turns to explaining the world around them. These are the foundation of first the creation myths, found in the Epic of Gilgamesh, Greek, Babylonian and Nordic myths, as well as the Bible. Levi Strauss argues that myths stem from people’s intellectual inquiry, from the desire to explain self, surroundings and society. Various cultures around the world have provided objects by which beings with powers are depicted. These includes clay tablets where the epic of Gilgamesh is written,, the bible, ceramics depicting Hercules, Aztec pottery depicting Quetzalcoatl, among others. In these, it is evident that the heroic figures play a much important role to society than merely stories. Myths are closely tied with religion, as with the Norse, The Babylonians, the Greeks and the Romans. The concept of myths in early civilizations is most often a reflection on the prevalent culture, society, politics and beliefs of the people. Not all heroic stories stem from myths however. Most often, heroes in folklore have also superhuman powers. And most often, the stories portray the hero not just in one setting or one plot. Instead multiple stories abound, yet the protagonist remains the same. This is evident in Beowulf, the labors of Hercules and in American folklore, Pecos Bill and Paul Bunyan. In American culture, folk heroes usually offer a glimpse of the culture of the times. The spectacular deeds of Pecos Bill and Paul Bunyan reflect upon what was considered the ideal American of those times, strong rugged, humorous and witty. They reflect a culture that is wild, that sees itself as being capable of great things. Looking at the object, we see that it gives a hint on the culture. From the object itself, one may deduce that the protagonist, Superman, was not of this Earth ( the stellar background, Earth’s view from a space perspective and the phrase Superman on Earth). The belief in an extraterrestrial coming to earth is not unknown of in world cultures. The Mayans, Aztec, and Egyptians all had beliefs in extraterrestrial life. This belief could be said to stem from a sense of terrestrial achievement. A sense that the culture is at its peak and that progress or destruction comes not from itself or from other cultures but from extraterrestrial sources. The object can be perceived as a story telling device of a mythical hero, not unlike clay tablets or parchment. This may be for amusement or inspiration. However, the use of graphics and words as means of expression, just like that of Egyptian pictograms and hieroglyphics shows that the object is intended for a wide audience based those who can intellectually understand as well as those who can appreciate the aesthetic value of the story. In standing over the world, it may be seen that their culture not only values their nation’s advancement, but may also see themselves as responsible for the welfare of other cultures, much like the Roman, Persian and Muslim empires. This may again stem from a sense of cultural supremacy, as well as from advancement in the various aspects of civilization. Much like oral tradition was used in the past, and later on the written word, for storytelling, so this object may be the means of telling the stories of this culture. Its use of graphics provides a starting point by which the imagination, conjured up by words, can take off into the realm of the supernatural. Just like myths and folklore of the past, the object provides a reflection not only on different aspects of the culture but also on its intended destination for the future. Economic Context Looking at the object, it really has no material value in the simplistic context. It is not edible, is not made of precious metals or gems, nor can it be used as a weapon. A society that produces these kinds of objects with only their aesthetic value and meaning and not that of necessity has presumably moved past the barter system of trade where only goods of necessity has any value. The object then can be either religious or secular in origin. The object could be religious as a representation of a believed and worshipped deity or secular as a means of entertainment. In observing the material by which the object is imprinted upon, the use of a higher quality paper denotes a higher value for the object, as well as the apparent detail in its production. Only a society with an advanced economic system is capable of allocating so much resource into a single representation, more so that the object is presumably for entertainment purposes. Most cultures that give priority to the arts are those whose economies are capable of allocating value to something that does not satisfy man’s basic needs but its wants. These civilizations, like that of the Italian Renaissance, the Aztec civilization, Egypt and Rome, use graphical representation to please a society satisfied with life. The same could be said of the economy and society that produced this object. It could be deduced that economically and socially, a majority of those living in the culture whence the object came from have their basic needs, food, water, shelter and security satisfied. Hence, they can allocate more in the pursuit of entertainment, education and other abstract needs. It could be seen that the culture is first technologically advanced, and second, is economically capable of obtaining materials for production. First, the paper in which the object consists of is glossy, not easily tearable, and water resistant and fine wired. This could only be a result of technological processing. The colors used in the paper can only come from pigments. In various cultures, it is only those with advanced economies which could lead to the middle and lower classes, and small objects, being painted with such detail. Ecological Context Ecology has at its maxim that the strongest population has the greater chance of passing on its traits to its off springs and thus enduring. The stronger population can secure resources, protect against attacks and obtain more space. Thus, rooted in ecology is the desire to be above others. In a sense, the appearance of a Superman would signify complete ecological dominance. That a culture would idealize a concept like this signifies that that culture, in terms of ecological population, has secured food, space and security from other neighboring populations. That the logical next step for this culture would be provided by an outside, or extraterrestrial source since all terrestrial aspects can be deemed fulfilled. The materials of which the object is composed of also give a clue that the civilization it belongs to is capable of producing synthetic material. Production of synthetic material is primarily a result of two things, scarcity of natural resources, or economic superiority by which materials can be obtained without touching one’s natural resources. Summary/Closure: The object can be said to be a means of entertainment and storytelling. It portrays a being with superhuman powers coming into Earth and protecting it. This object is a result of and shows different anthropological aspects of the culture that produced it. Biologically, the object can be perceived as the product of man’s desire to improve himself, and also his awareness of his limitations. The object also shows man’s capabilities throughout history to utilize its abstract thought to derive pleasure and ideas from the surroundings. Man’s innate curiosity has lead to the production of myths, featuring beings with supernatural powers, which serve as both answers regarding questions about the natural world and representations of the civilization itself. Throughout history myths have propagated, portraying the general psyche of a civilization. Methods of passing stories from one person to another includes oral, which became written, which as evidenced by this object became a combination of both. The depiction of men with supernatural powers have in history, generally been a representation of the strength and power of a civilization. The depictions of heroes that are larger than life exhibit a culture’s greatness. The wide spread indulgence of this can only come if all basic needs of the people within the culture are satisfied. Then the culture can indulge in other fields. The object signifies that in the culture that produced it, the basic needs are supplied, that help will come from others, not from other nations. The use of this object means that the society is willing and capable of allocating resources to personal entertainment. By looking at the object, one may be able to make deductions regarding its use and the culture that produced it. However, these deductions may or may not hold true, and requires much more evidence to be able to get a thorough knowledge of the culture. REFERENCES Harris, M. Culture. People, Nature: An Introduction to General Anthropology. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975. Keesing, Roger M. Cultural Anthropology. Sidney: Holt, Rinehart and Wilson, 1976.

Gettysburg film, 1993 Essay

The movie Gettysburg is a film that details the Battle of Gettysburg, which took place from July 1-3 in 1863. The battle culminated in a major victory for the Union, while confederate troops in a way viewed the conflict as a last chance fight to take control in the Civil War. The film begins by showing the preparations for battle on Jun 30 of 1863, and then it goes on to demonstrate the competency of officials who decide on strategy, and then the outcomes of their battle plans. At the end of the movie, Pickett’s charge is detailed, and it was perhaps one of the most significant Confederate defeats of the Civil War. The movie did an excellent job explaining what happened in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania during the time of the battle. It was not dramatized beyond its portrayal of what actually happened, and it is historically accurate in covering one of the most important battles of the Civil War. The film was directed by Ronald F. Maxwell, who followed the plot outlined in Michael Sharaa’s 1974 novel about the battle, entitled The Killer Angels. The film does not attempt to cover everything that was going on in the battle, but it selects the main activities of each day, and shows the officials making key decisions. The first part of the movie, which corresponds to the beginning of the battle, and the first day of fighting, depicts the Union officer John Buford (played by Sam Elliott) who picked the battlefield. The second story detailed was that of Joshua Chamberlain (played by Jeff Daniels), who defends Little Round Top from the confederate troops. Then Pickett’s Charge, where the Confederacy, ordered to do so by General Robert E. Lee (Martin Sheen) famously charged Major George Meade’s (Richard Anderson) Union troops, and this scene details the struggles of the Confederate General Lewis Armistead (Richard Jordan). The movie was made to give people an accurate overview of one of the most important battles in the Civil War, and in the history of the United States. Because the battle lasted only three days, the movie did not have too much trouble outlining the main events. It serves not only to entertain, but to educate people about the Battle of Gettysburg. Unlike many of Hollywood’s attempts to retell historical moments of note, this movie was not full of romance and historically inaccurate, but dramatic, side-stories; it was accurate and because of the importance of its subject, it did not need to be spiced up to be recognized as a good film. The film was historically accurate. The only thing to say about a discrepancy between the film and the actual battle is that the film did not show as much about other things going on when it was focused on a particular story. For instance, not much was shown about what was going on in Confederate camps as the Union troops were preparing for war in the first couple of scenes. The extras used in battle scenes are accurately dressed in the right style of uniform, and the plotline of the movie doe not include anything that was absent from the actual battle. â€Å"The directors of the movie hired history professors and Civil War enthusiasts to advise them, to make sure they were accurate throughout the whole of the film. Historical accuracy was of great concern to the producers and director,† James Beradinelli of ReelReviews writes. â€Å"They hired a veritable army of advisors to correct even the most minute mistakes in the script (if a general given a pale horse in the movie was known to have favored a dark horse, the mount was changed), used the actual sites in Pennsylvania as often as possible (where hiding war monuments became an art), and â€Å"recruited† more than 5000 unpaid re-enactors to fill up the screen during the battle scenes (thus helping to keep the budget at a reasonable $20 million). The result is a movie that looks and feels real. † The director and producers wanted to capture the actions that occurred in the battle itself in their movie. They emphasized situation’s of valiance, such as (most notably) Pickett’s Charge, where 50,000 troops were killed and wounded, and General Lee’s motivational speech to the troops before they went to battle. The directors wanted to make sure that the people understood even the smallest details of the battle, so they showed the scenes where officials decided on battle tactics, including the scene where General Lee ignores Lt. General Longstreet’s (Tom Berenger) strategy and accepts Pickett’s (Stephen Lang), who was selected to lead the troops, leading many confederate soldiers to their death as they pressed on to Union General George Meade’s troops. There was no noticeable bias in the movie. It was intended to by a historically accurate overview of the Battle of Gettysburg, and that is what it was. Even without the addition of dramatic Hollywood moments, the film includes dramatic scenes that were present in the battle, such as Lee’s speech to his troops before Pickett’s charge, directed to his fellow Virginians. The movie was a great overview of the Battle of Gettysburg, including some of the battle’s smaller details. But it managed to keep the eye of its viewers despite being four hours and fourteen minutes long. The film was gripping, but accurate, and without noticeable biases or added dramatic, Hollywood situations. Works Cited Boatner, Mark M. The Civil War Dictionary. New York: Vintage Books, 1991 History in Film. 1999. Gettysburg. 19 April 2009. http://www. historyinfilm. com/gettysbg/default. htm Internet Movie Database. 1993. Gettysburg. 19 April 2009. http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0107007/ Nesbitt, Mark. 35 Days to Gettysburg- The Campaign Diaries of Two American Enemies. Harrisburg, Stackpole Books, 1992. Oates, William C. and Haskell, Frank A. Gettysburg. New York Bantam, 1992. Ron Maxwell. com. 1993 Gettysburg, a Film by Ronald Maxwell. 18 April 2009. http://www. ronmaxwell. com/gettysburg. html Sauers, Richard A. The Gettysburg Campaign- June 3- August 1, 1863. Westport: Greenwood Press,1982.

What steps need to be taken in order to reduce crime Essay

What steps need to be taken in order to reduce crime - Essay Example The type of successful law enforcement strategies relies on the form of criminal activity (Bouza 1993). For instance, violent offenders are not as knowledgeable and/or coherent about the repercussions of their behavior hence law enforcement is largely successful when it responds to criminal behavior by seeking imprisonment for repeat criminals. Second, public support is very important in the effort of the criminal justice system to reduce crime. Public support for penalizing crime-reduction strategies can be helpful in the application of law enforcement policies. The general public could also be an immediate or rich source of suggestions on how to effectively approach crime-control efforts. Third, several of the most potential solutions to crime involve public lands, such as public housing and streets. The consideration of the government in this domain can educate architects and rouse individual safety measures. Tort court cases, declaratory resolutions, and crime impact reports can additionally inform the general public and architects about applying architecture to reduce criminal activity (Bouza 1993). Other techniques, obtained from the criminal justice system and other considerations, present extra mechanisms for the government to improve crime-reduction policies. Reducing crime is the greatest challenge any criminal justice system faces. However, this challenge does not have to remain a challenge if proper research and implementation are carried out. Law enforcement strategies are the primary means available to deter or eliminate crime. But strong public support will ensure the smooth and effective execution of these law enforcement strategies. And apparently, although not mostly taken into account, architecture plays a crucial role in the successful implementation of crime-control

Character Review from the Movie 12 Angry Men Essay

Character Review from the Movie 12 Angry Men - Essay Example Based on the knife, the inability to remember details of a movie, fighting with his father earlier in the evening, and eyewitnesses who saw him kill his father and leave the apartment, the young man should by all accounts sent to the electric chair. However, in this case, one juror, number 8, doesn't believe the defense case was convincingly portrayed and while not necessarily believing the boy to be innocent, needs to understand the facts of the case, and cannot in good conscience vote to send this young man to die. He has reasonable doubt, and voices it by voting not guilty. Juror 8, in 12 Angry Men, works from a place of virtue, principles, and good character at all times. By knowing his duty as a public servant, he does not allow idle chatter to distract him from the task, his selfish reasons to overpower, and he comes from a place of fairness and equality. Even when presented with the facts of the trial, his intuition continues to question what is right and wrong and stands by his principles. Using the virtuous approach to ethics, he listens to his inner voice, and listens to each fact once again in order to understand. As they begin to speak about the case, a number of facts exposed as exaggerated or untrue reveal themselves. The first piece of evidence being a knife so special the shopkeeper has never seen one like it before. Not quite believing the knife to be one of a kind, and following his instincts cause him to break the law by going to the kid's neighborhood and buying a similar knife. Now a lawbreaker, we may think his credibility shattered; however, he informs the other jurors of his intention of a greater good, and choosing to do something wrong in order to obtain it. In the Utilitarian approach, we see the consequence of the action is what determines right and wrong not the act itself. Was the result a good consequence for all and justifiable to produce the equality for all If so, then it was the right course of action. However, if Juror 8 continued to break the law in order to prove his point, the balance of ethics tipped, and the ends would not justify the means. An eighteen-year-old kid whose father beats him daily should be a prime suspect in the father's murder; however, juror 8 does not believe he seems like the type. Placing himself in the kid's shoes, juror eight tries to feel what the kid feels, and advocates why each fact does not convince him. Principled actions of compassion and empathy are universal and good by themselves. As a good leader would, juror 8 requests each person put themselves in the shoes of the accused - by posing questions and making it personal. "It's possible" is a favorite phrase of juror 8, and recommending another vantage point to each "fact", he shows each man a human side of things. He asks them if they have ever lived near an "L" train, if they have ever said they would kill someone without meaning it, and not remembered details of a day. Again, if the balance tipped to the principle side of ethics, analysis of each act and consequence would cause us to not move toward a resolution or ask entirely too many questions in order to understand.Eleven jurors believe themselves to be good-hearted people who are there to perform a duty. Good people do not necessarily make good decisions as mentioned in the reading. Juror 8 asks them to look at the consequences of their own actions - voting to send a kid to die

Democracy, latin america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Democracy, latin america - Essay Example Lagos notes that, â€Å"†¦low levels of trust in other people constitute a defining feature of Latin American political culture† (Lagos, pg. 142). Latin Americans are characterized by a chronic passivity, where they develop the naive expectation that their problems will be solved by someone else, turning to the state, and democracy, to do so. The statistics show that as individuals move away from institutions such as political parties and government, and toward more domestic issues like television or church, levels of trust increase. These low levels, although not new, are relatively low compared to other regions of the world, and make it almost impossible for the liberalization which democracy entails. Lagos concludes: â€Å"†¦declining levels of interpersonal trust thus constitute an important barrier to†¦ the development of a civil society†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lagos, pg. 144). Right now, the support for democracy in Latin America resides at about 62%, which masks wide differentials between countries like Brazil which have moved progressively farther to the Left. Lagos reports there has been a sharp decline in support for liberal democracy, which has been motivated almost exclusively by economic and political failures in certain countries. Although 62% of Latin Americans favor democracy, â€Å"only 37 percent of the public are satisfied with the way that democracy works† (Lagos, pg. 141). Thus, the situation in the region is that the public perception of democracy remains mixed, and the initial short-lived enthusiasm about democratic change has faded through the years. The lack of public trust in institutions and public perceptions about failures in democratic countries has fueled this ambivalence toward the form of government. In their paper â€Å"Democratization Backwards: The Problem of Third-Wave Democracies†, Richard Rose and Doh Chull Shin propose a distinction between â€Å"first-wave† and â€Å"third-wave† democracies, the

Existential themes in the movie V for Vendetta Essay

Existential themes in the movie V for Vendetta - Essay Example Specifically, we will explore the existential concept of the Individual versus the Herd from the perspective of Hermann Hesse. From this facet of philosophy, we will relate examine and relate the existential concept of the Individual versus the Herd and the stand of V against Norsefire. Existential Concept of the Herd A story would never be complete without the plot, setting, and the characters or subjects. In the same way, a literary work would not be sufficient if it does not include the different parts of a plot. Normally, a plot would have the following parts: the exposition, which is the beginning of the story. Second would be the rising action wherein the acts leading to the climax is developed. Within this part, the conflict of the story and dilemmas that result to the climax are introduced. The climax, which is normally the highest point of the story since the effect of the conflict, would now reach the tipping point. After which, the events happening after the climax shall b e the content of the falling action. Lastly, a conflict resolution would end the plot, and the story altogether. It is to be noted though that each part of the plot does not need to happen in a chronological and sequential manner. What is necessary is that all the parts are essentially present. One can never do away with the conflict. Without a conflict, there seems to be no reason to tell a story. The conflict then is the reason why there is a story in the first place. As with every literary work, there exists a conflict, and around that struggle is where the story would basically revolve. There are various kinds of existential theories in literature; however, this paper calls for the discussion of only one kind. The author of this paper chose to extensively provide an analysis of the film V for Vendetta, in relation to the existential literary theme Individual vs. The Herd. This literary theme is also more commonly known as man versus society. The famous existentialist philosopher Jean Jacques-Rosseau wrote in his masterpiece The Social Contract, â€Å"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains.† The herd or the society, in this case, is the persona that keeps man in chains. For the society, the ideology, beliefs and practices of the majority are considered as the common good, hence, it must be followed. In this kind of environment, the voice of the individual should stand in conformity to the community. The stand of the individual who dares to be different does not stand a chance against the influence of the commanding majority. In the film V for Vendetta, the government aims to attain a perfect Fascist Unity. In this kind of society, if you do not conform, then you shall be considered as an outcast, unwelcome, and even tortured for being different. To be or not to be part of the herd would be the ultimate decision that could spell a remarkable difference in an individual’s life. The Concept of Fascist Unity in V for Vendetta â€Å"Stre ngth through unity, unity through faith!† Perhaps the strongest message, what would make it the

INTRO TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

INTRO TO CRIMINAL JUSTICE - Research Paper Example Risk Principle A critical analysis of risk principle illustrates that intervention techniques should employ behavioral and cognitive evaluation of criminal’s susceptibility of recommitting the crime for identifying the risk factors attached to that criminal accordingly. Hence, through behavioral interventions, the justice system can identify high-risk offenders and thus focus on them accordingly. It is important to note that providing similar treatment to the low-risk offenders can increase their chances of reverting back to criminal behavior in a more aggressive manner (Latessa, 2012). The principle and its related interventions tend to be particularly effective because of its focus on the right segment. Since the susceptibility of high-risk offenders to revert back to criminal behavior is relatively high, this principle helps in designing interventions that would focus on this demographic segment of those who were convicted or been in prison earlier (Crow, 2001). With the he lp of this principle, intensive interventions designed with the help of actuarial-based assessments in instruments focused on curtailing criminogenic needs can be particularly helpful. It is important to note that this identification of high-risk in community settings can help in devising specific interventions that would address community-based needs. According to Travis (2003), a simple example of high risk offenders can be identification of prisoners’ susceptibility of recommitting the crime with the help of federal data as months right after release from prison present the highest risk to public safety. Therefore, it is important that community interventions should focus more on prisoners that have just left the prison. Need Principle Another major principle in ‘what works’ movement is need principle. This principle defines what criminogenic needs e.g. antisocial personality, attitudes and peers, to focus on after identifying high-risk offenders (Braucht, 200 9; Bechtel, 2011). This principle illustrates that prisoners and convicts are already subjected to negative behavior and other unpleasant social factors therefore it is important that reinforcement should be mainly positive (Latessa, 2006). In addition to that, every participant’s needs in intervention programs are relatively unique as compared to others. Therefore, it is important that a high-intensity program is introduced that would last for few months to a year depending on the needs of the offender. Furthermore, these services should occupy â€Å"40 to 70 percent of the offender's time during the course of the program (Petersila, 2004, p. 5). The principle is effective in a sense that it addresses individual needs of the offenders however when examined in the light of overall judicial system, it is difficult to follow as there will be need of large number of professionals that would be required to supervise these services along with programs designed for individuals ins tead of groups. Responsivity Principle The third principle in ‘what works movement is responsivity principle. This principle defines how to engage individuals and employ strategies that would change their overall behavior (Braucht, 2009). Responsivity

Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford University Essay

Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford University - Essay Example This paper aims at identifying the main elements of Steve Jobs' Commencement Speech at Stanford University that enables the listeners to comprehend and connect with the speaker individually and collectively. In attaining this end, the research will examine the use of logos, pathos, and ethos to make the listeners understand the full speech and some components of the speech. This paper is in the form of rhetorical analysis. It tries to examine the main components of the speech and the kind of message it seeks to communicate to the audience. Rhetoric analysis â€Å"...lays bare or adequately interprets the secret life of a form of communication or speech†. In other words, the paper seeks to decode the main influence that the message seeks to exert on the mind of the listener. It tries to comprehensively examine the kind of information that Steve Jobs seeks to assert on the graduands by breaking down the speak. Rossenwasser and Stephen identify that â€Å"to analyze the rhetoric of something is to determine how that something persuades and positions its readers or viewers or listeners.† Ethos is about the credibility and the ethical appeal that the speaker has over the listener. It is mainly about how the audience relates to the speaker and the contacts that occur whilst the discussion goes on. Although there is no agreed standard in measuring the potency of ethos, the commonest method of evaluating this is to examine the emotions of the audience. The audience reacts by clapping and shouting to show their connection with the speaker. In this speech, there are so many emotions that are shown at different points in the interaction between Steve Jobs and the graduands. There were instances where the crowd screamed and there were other times where they clapped. Also, at the end of the entire speech, there was a standing ovation which gave an indication to a bystander that the speech had had some influence on the people present and this is very much evide nt of ethos. In analyzing the speech of Steve Jobs, there are four main components of ethos that can be conveniently examined to bring to bear the kind of connection that existed between the audience and speaker during the whole speech. Credibility refers to the trust and worth of a person's communication with another. This refers to how factors that cause a listener to place more reliance on the words of another person. First of all, the personality of Steve Jobs is one that grants him so much credibility. Being nominated as the speaker for the event in itself is something that comes with a lot of reputation for the event.

Religion Changing Societies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion Changing Societies - Essay Example In due time, this has caused societal pluralism with religion being viewed as an objective to individuals within a society (Santa, 5). This paper covers the effect of religion in the society, how religion raises questions on identity and questions the concept of identity, and lastly how it creates a dilemma between faith and way of life. Religion Changing Societies Even though religion has sparked a lot of debate, it has influenced the society both positively and negatively. It has attracted massive changes within the societies. A better example of how religion has been linked with the modern societies is politics. Furthermore, the voting patterns are largely determined along religious lines. Religion plays a major role when it comes to governing a nation. Some religions worldwide are entrenched in archaic modes of thoughts and have failed to launch new life in the societies. Some are co-opted by patriotisms; thus, are used to further various furies. This has worked to divide people, based on an individual religious belief (Herz, and Peter, 25). In the current face of pluralism, Elshtain in â€Å"toleration, proselytizing, and the politics of recognition†, offers â€Å"toleration†, as a way of being liberal and democratic to religious pluralism without causing any prejudice on a given religion belief whatsoever. This involves freedom to share ones religious beliefs joyfully, manifesting views so that others may consider it, rather than imposing one's faith to others; thus, ensuring a happy coexistence (Elshtain, 89-93). This has led to more liberal and democratic societies. This has been echoed by Witte in The Rights and Limits of Proselytism in the New Religious World Order (Witte, 109) He emphasizes on the need for individuals to choose their own religious affiliation in a religious pluralism society, although this has not had a smooth sailing as other religions such as Muslim allow for easy conversion into their faith (Witte, 109) Religion, Ide ntity and Citizenship With religion being a core aspect to be considered within any society, the idea of coming up with legislation governing such societies may sometimes be challenging without causing any religious prejudice, with the advent of religious pluralism. Particularly, France has held to her â€Å"lay state (laicite)†, implying a secular state of religious freedom without preference for any religious affiliation. These may not necessarily mean secularization, rather a way of bringing harmony within a religious pluralism society (Davie and Schafer, 5). Religious views, convictions and practices are seen as belonging to the private sphere of existence rather than in the public realm. It is true that religion is a crucial factor of social identity, being identified with a given religion means having a shared religious beliefs and practices and behavior that brings about the uniqueness within a large cosmopolitan society with religious pluralism in some cases (Appiah, 44-47). Despite an individual’s affiliation to a given religion, he/she has the right as a citizen to participate in decisions involving collective life together. These should be done without any religious prejudice, and thus, treated equally. This eliminates any hierarchy of faith (Mehta, 66). With Religious pluralism, the best way to tackle the issue of identity and citizenship in respect to one's religious affilia

Culture Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Culture Development - Essay Example A few examples include the learning a belief, way of doing things, even if they do not share a biological relationship which has led to development of the human "instincts". According to anthropologist, culture is not a product of biological evolution, but it is rather a mean of human adaptation to the world. Culture enables humans to change rapidly to the physical changes in the earth. The cultural phenomena is universal however, cultural adaptations changes from place to place with different set of meanings from place to place and people to people. As the culture has a symbolic system, it meanings also differs from place to place with changing beliefs, myths, rituals, tools making, house design, living and eating habits. A few anthropologists differentiate between symbolic and material culture, however since 1980 majority of archeologists agree, that the symbolic culture and material culture are interwoven and symbolic culture is expressed through material culture. Culture normally has certain unique characteristics such as: (a) symbols, which is an abstract way of referring to objects, ideas and feelings with the help of language;(b) culture is shared with in a group; (c) culture is not hereditary, but learned, even though people differ biologically, culturally they can have similar habits and behaviour; and Human being compr(d) Culture is adaptive. People use culture to quickly adjust and adopt to the changes in the world. Culture as a symbol Human being comprehends and communicates in symbols. It is these symbols, which allow people to develop complex ideas and thoughts with other people and language and arts are symbolic in nature, which makes it easier than gestures to express human emotions through symbols. A symbol some times has a relation or may not have any association with an object or idea. For example for Americans, the combination of white, blue and red colour has special meaning, the people in China consider red colour sacred one. In reality such colour may not have any practical purpose, but if these colour are combined in a shape of flag, people are willing to die for it as it stands as a symbol of honour for a nation. In order to convey, new ideas, human being has to constantly create new symbols and add more meanings to their expressions and feelings. Sometimes, one word is used to convey an idea, and some times combination of words are used to convey some deeper meaning. Human beings right from birth are able to construct and comprehend such complex symbols. Language provides a mean to store and communicate such expression, but some times it exceeds the capacity of the non-human animal. For example Chimpanzees, which are the closest genetic relative to human have few unique calls and gestures to communicate with each other. Chimpanzee in the lab experiments have been taught to communicate in sign language and were able to master a vocabulary of few hundred words, however chimpanzees do not have developed vocal tract like human beings. Culture through Learning Human beings are not born with culture, it is rather learned by living in a society. In all human societies children learn culture by imitating adults through the process of enculturation, which takes years to complete. In all human societies, children learn culture from adults and this process is called enculturation, or cultural transmission. However, it is not only

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Everyone else got to decide what would become of their lives, while she was now going to have everything decided for her. While Kim tells her story, she makes several statements that key on the readers’ emotions and get us to take her side. Kim uses good imagery when she tells about her village being burned down and her clothes scorched off. She says â€Å"I saw an airplane getting lower and then four bombs falling down. I saw fire everywhere around me. Then I saw fire over my body, especially on my left arm. My clothes had been burned off by the fire. Anyone who could imagine this happening to a nine year old wouldn’t be able to help feeling sorry for this person. To make matters for the little girl worse, she was then forced to become a poster child for the Vietnamese government to show the rest of the world. Kim’s freedom to become what she wanted was taken from her. While telling her story, she does a very good job using these rhetorical pathos to make the reader feel sorry for her and take her side. In the story, â€Å"Untold Stories of Kindness†, an American soldier tells about the brutal reality of war. He explains that even though you may not agree with the reason for the fight or even know the truth behind the war, if you are a soldier, you have to do your job and continue fighting. He hits on the point that people want to help each other even in times of war and despair. He says that if everyone will just accept people who are different, the world will be a more peaceful place. His idea that people always want to help each other is supported by an example of a time he remembers people helping each other during his campaign in the Iraq war. After one particular fire fight that lasted nearly eight hours, Iraqi civilians helped the American soldiers clear the streets of wounded men and try to aid their injuries. People would also care for children, rebuild hospitals and schools, and feed the poor. The author of this essay uses strong imagery to make the reader have emotion towards his story. He tells about the time when insurgents detonated several car bombs killing over a hundred people. The number of people killed in this incident helps to emphasize the reality of all the people who dying in this war. He says â€Å"Cars were covered in blood as if they’d been hit with a paint sprayer. † This makes the reader try to imagine what he had to see and tries to make the reader feel the same emotions he has toward the situation. The rhetorical pathos used here are very similar to the pathos used by Kim in her story. Both of these essays made good points support the logic behind the statements and opinions in their stories. They also used good details and imagery so the audience could picture some of the things they had to see. The imagery in these stories tried to make the readers feel emotional and take the authors’ sides.

Fashionable Illustrations And Appearance In Editorials Cultural Studies Essay

Fashionable Illustrations And Appearance In Editorials Cultural Studies Essay Fashion illustrations were and will stay desirable forever! For many years this part of art was modifying and improving to become an independent and valuable art segment. For some people it might have no value, but for some of them it is a meaning of the life. Illustrations are in a huge connection with art movements, fashion trends and photography. Beauty canons dictate the rules for illustrators but there is always space for flights of imagination. Why there are the periods when it becomes popular and then almost disappears? There are many reasons affecting the attractiveness of fashion illustrations. First of all cultural aspects are playing quite important role of perception. Photography is the main rival for illustrations. It was a huge explosion of photography which almost substituted the illustration in magazine spreads. However there is no other way for fashion to be produced without illustrations. That means until the fashion exists, the fashion illustrations will appear again and again In spite of any possible reasons, people will always admire increase or decrease of interest to fashion illustrations. Furthermore even if our life will be totally under computerisation we still are going to be in need of hand drawing fashion illustration as we always in need of pure art. The story of fashion illustrations goes deep in a history. First sketches appeared about 500 years ago. Development is an inalienable process for human being. Attractiveness might be one of the main reasons why humanity still exists. People love beauty. Magnificent beauty might have natural origin or could be done by human to make this world better. That was one of the reason for beginning of fashion. Another reason was social inequality. Outfit always was the main significant factor of social status. Fashion industry was growing up day by day. There was only one way to make it available for mass to make it illustrative. According to Blackman (2007, p. 6) first fashion illustrated magazine called La Mercure galant (1672). Another source of information were french fashion plates. Widely recognisable artists such as Jean de St Jean, Franà §ois Octavien, Antoine Hà ©risset and Bernard Picart were providing women with latest trends. In spite of that fact that someone liked or criticized illustrations, the information extended quickly and effectively in all social layers. Additionally, the beauty canon of that time was a women in comparison with the vase, same fragile and refined. Woman who is quite educated for formal conversations, who visits salons and theatres, who knows everything about last trends, who looks fashionable. Models were drawn quite skinny and still were wearing corsets. Later, the illustrations were available in wide range of magazines. At that time the illustrations did not have the current meaning. It has distinctive and simple purpose distribution. Figures were drawn accurately with all details without exaggeration or stylization. It was necessarily to make people believe in reality of image. It supposed to have the power that photography record facts. Moreover increasable achievement in the chain between fashion brand and final piece were patterns which appeared in many magazines. It has allowed for women to produce clothes by themselves. Its amazing that we still use this illustrated schemes in the magazines. Perfect example is a Burda Style magazine (1949) Each picture in Burda Style supported by pattern. Amazing fact that Harpers Bazaar magazine (fig. 1) first published at 1867 and Vogue just at 1892. This magazines have quite similar content and basic ideas for graphic and structure. In spite of this, Vogue is the top fashion magazine in the world Top fashion magazines are always competing. However graphic and content are often quite similar. The world of fashion magazines could be compare with fashion industry. As soon as leading designer or fashion house represents their collection, the next day all key elements will be copying by other. Then it will be called trends of the season. Completely the same process is working for fashion publication. As soon as some new technique, new manner to present the information or new unordinary layouts appear in Vogue magazine it will be copied by the rest publications around the globe and will be called trend. Vogue discover and makes stars from people links to this business as photographers, illustrators models and designers and many others. If a husband or father of the early or mid-Victorian era chose to deny the women of his household access to controversial magazines such as Harper`s, then instead he might permit them to subscribe to one of the few publications specifically created for women: Ladies Literary Cabinet (1819-22), Graham`s Magazine (1826-55), Ladies Magazine (1828-36), Godey`s Lady`s Book (1830-98), Ladies` Repository(1841-76), Peterson`s Ladies` National Magazine (1854-57), Harper`s Bazar (1867-present day) (Delis Hill, 2004, p. 2). Day by day magazine market growned up. Development of printing process reduced production costs. Many new magazines appeared before twenties. That gave a chance to illustrations to become more developed. Photography was already announced but was not used extensively. Blackman (2007, p. 71) reports that the twenties and thirties could be considered as Golden age of fashion illustrations. In spite of the fact that at the beginning of thirties the favour started switching to colore photography. First colore cover photographed by Edward Steichen, appeared in 1932. Furthermore by analysis of market shows that photographic Vogue covers sold better. At that time Illustrators were totally influenced by art moments. Dada, Bauhaus, De Stijl and Art Deco brought magazines design in completely new level but made the illustrations development limited. One of the example could be considered by George Barbier illustrations. George Barbie (1882 1932) was well recognizable and talented French illust rator. During his successful career he illustrated books, worked on haute couture fashion illustrations, designed jewellery and costumes, glass and wallpaper (George Barbier, 2010). Analysing Barbie earlier illustrations (fig. 2) and compare to later works (fig. 3) appears the big difference in technique, style and colour. His earlier works are more natural, more distinctive. Earlier works did not have that much details which are not related to concrete clothes. Mostly, the model was drawn on one colour background. Later on George Barbie started to produce more complicated works. Fashion illustrations looked like a painting with many characters. Moreover it told a story. All his older illustrations are sated by details inherent to Art Deco style. One of the best Art Deco painter is Tamara de Lempicka. Illustrations from Tamara de Lempicka could be compared to George Barbie to prove that there are many similarities (fig. 4-5). First of all geometrical shapes are involved in composition. Both images are quit elegant and have a lot of decorative details. Models pained according to Art Deco beauty canons. That facts proves that George Barbier definitely was influenced by Art Deco movement. The influence of art movements was so strong in a period from 1900 to 1950 that it was a bit frozen possible development of illustrations. In spite of this situation, the illustrations were extremely popular at that time. However, this is exact example of how much this branch of art depends on art in general. People were depend on illustrations, but illustrations were depend on needs. Moreover it depended of fashion. This is completely limited circle when everything appears because of concrete aim and purpose. New brands appeared day by day, fashion houses were very popular, when Coco Chanel made a revolution in fashion industry. The essence of her style was rooted in a masculine model of power, a direction that has dominated twentieth-century fashion. (The fashion book,1998, p. 98). Emancipation opened the border for women to represent themselves, for designers to create completely new clothes, for illustrators to be less influenced by movements. Fashion illustrations of that time were much more aggressive and independent. Authors brought more personal fillings. Women were considered as an independent, strong and powerful part of society. Women body was no longer represented as a stylized illustration, which totally depended on rules of art movement. That was a time of French fashion. Times when Haute Couture empire began to grow up. According to Blackman (2007, p. 72) Parisian couture dominated international. However US fashion designers presented beautiful collections during the interwar years. American ready-to-wear collections outstand all European countries. That was the time when Hollywood influenced to fashion, design and perception. Actors were iconic idols for people to consider fashion and brans. Women tried to reproduced expensive clothes by hieing a dress maker or do it by themselves. Vogue, Woman`s journal and Weldon`s were providing readers with patterns. Vogue and Harpers Bazaar were widely experimenting with photography. However, fashion illustrations appeared in all publications (fig. 6-7). Talking about history, there are three most important decades for fashion illustrations: Golden age, sixties and probably present days. Sixties and seventies changed everything. That time changed cultures, fashion, music, art and even politics. Pop art became very popular and supported popularity of photography. Photography almost replaced illustrations. It was everywhere. Haute Couture market was almost generated to that what it looks today. Dior, Chanel, Yves Saint Laurent, Valentino, Givenchy and many other fashion designers and fashion houses opened their doors to fashionable and rich customers. Fashion illustrations became very progressive, different and ordinary (fig. 8). Freedom, sexuality and style are displayed in all illustrations of that period. Vogue fashion spreads remind this days design. Photography was placed next to illustration.(fig. 9). According to Blackman (2007, p. 168) Illustrated covers appeared rarely. Well known editorial illustrators of the sixties were: Renà © Bouchà ©, Alfredo Bouret, Tod Draz, Tom Keogh, Eric Stemp, John Ward and Audrey Lewis. The last the old school representations Eric (Carl Erickson) and Bouchà © died. New magazines such as Nova and Queen were hieing the strongest and more talented art editors. Magazine design was re forced with photography. Photographers and models were considered as a celebrities. Hippy fashion take it predominating position. Sixties totally changed beauty canons. Skinny figures became a prisoners of 90-60-90 measurements. However tall, over skinny bodies became iconic image of ideal women. Even todays the fashion illustrations as well as fashion in general, follow this rules, nothing has changed for fifty years. After a couple tragic death of the models from diagnosis of anorexia did not make designers to reconsider their strict beauty canons. But this fact gave a chance for hundred magazines who taught women how to lose weight appeared on the market. Diets became a complex market which gave a chance for such structures as: pharmacology, dietetics, psychology, technology, and cosmetology selling there products to women. For the last 3-4 years illustrations became incredibly popular. Magazines full of fashion illustrations, drew advertising and brochures. Such top magazines as Vogue and Elle, which almost dictate the rules for fashion, switched from photography to illustrations. Excellent example is five editorial spreads of Elle magazines (May, 2010) by Ulrich Schrà ¶der (fig. 10-11), who represented fashion top designers as a Disney cartoon characters. That was not the first time when illustrations completely replaced photography. In August 2007 truly realistic drawn editorial created by talented illustrator Julius Preite (fig. 12) appeared in Harpers Bazaar. Many details, clothes and shoes were copied from original. It was totally different way to introduce fashionable design pieces to mass. Inspire of all risks it had incredible success. Moreover any innovative idea, which appears in a world top fashion magazines is copied by smaller publications. Probably this was an exact way for illustrations to become so popular recently. Now even make up trends simply recreated by illustrators. This is unbelievable, magazines teaches women how to dress up properly, to do make up or hair style by using illustrations some times even cartoons. Further evidence of high interest to illustrations are the Vogue pages. Looking through all international editions some fashion illustration becomes involved in issue layout at list ones. Fashion news, trends, brand history and many other sections are full with the colourful of black and white illustrations, sometimes even stylized as a sketch. Looking at Vogue page (fig. 13) first what could be mentioned is technic of illustrations. All the models are hand drawn and scanned. Furthermore, it was not computer retouched in term of colour. The purpose is to make it as more natural and real as possible. Vogue mostly promote expensive brands. Hand drawn illustrations are the excellent way to reduce this bohemian filling, eliminate inaccessibility. Concerning to the popularity of fashion illustrations there is no way to ignore the spiral aspect. Again and again photography and illustrations are fighting against each other. Weariness of photography increases the illustration popularity and vice versa. One of the best way to make both illustration and photography work is a collage. This technique called photomontage in early sixties and was applied quite often (fig. 14). Many illustrators work in this style which is quite suitable for fashion. Nicole Jarecz is one of them. Her balanced combination of hand drawn elements, photography, fabrics makes her works special (fig. 15). Target audience of the top fashion magazine are women between 20-45 years old, who look for last trends rather then piece of art in a fashion magazines. Definitely this fact narrows the purpose of illustrations and make it less powerful, makes it branded. This is return to the time when illustrations began, when the main purpose was to promote the brand, not making a piece of art out of illustration. Analysing the nature of illustrations could be mentioned that fashion illustration consists of two components: model and clothes. One of the incredible power of illustrations over photography is personality. There are hundred ways to stylize imagined model, exaggerate, make it perfect and incredibly beautiful. Illustrator has total control of fantasy what photographer does not have. Working with a model makes the process of photography less personal. Each of them have their own vision, thoughts, mood and million other aspects, which provides the influence to the final piece. The purpose of fashion photography or editorial photo shoots is to represent styling (promotion of many brands at one time) in creative and not ordinary way. Illustrations could be trendy now, but origin of interests are aways different. One of the basic factors from the first publication of fashion illustrations till now, which effects the popularity of illustrations is cultural aspect. For the last years illustration became so popular in USA and Europe, but at the same time it is still so unpopular in Central Asia. Central Asia development in this subject stand behind Europe at list for 50 years. Now there is a perfect time for photography being on the top. Photography market becomes enormously huge, while illustrations are hiding in the shadow. In USA and Europe people are quite tired of photography, it became too commercial for the last years. People started to visit more exhibitions, galleries, buying art pieces. Moreover perfect way to switch was push illustration to editorial design. As more detailed example could be considered Kazakhstan. It is quite fashionable country. Many women follow every possible fashion and beauty news, trying to order last design collections from Europe. The rest, just have no chance to be fashionable, because most of the selling clothes are originally from Turkey or China with fake models. People wear latest fakery clothes from couture collections not even knowing about it. Air impregnated by fashion, makes women read the magazines. It is like a drop of water in a desert. There is no that long time passed from 80th when people could not buy any nice clothes as import to the country from abroad was totally closed. People where waiting in a queues through the nights to get a pair of jeans. First international fashion magazine was like a Bible to follow. Situation did not change that much from those days. Kazakh women still trust to the fashion magazines. This is one of the reasons why fashion illustrations are not popular in this country . Women want to see facts, real photography. Illustrations will make them feel deceived. The only reason why illustrations appear in Kazakh publications is financial aspect. It is much cheaper to draw a model than arrange the whole photo shoot. Fashion illustrations are still in the Kazakh market staying totally unpopular, but as the need for customer to save the money. There is no way for fashion to be produced without illustration. First draft appears on paper and then modifies to become a final pice of fashion industry. Mostly, fashion designers do not work on computers. First ideas are always hand drawn. In spite of computerisation process paper sketches are the primary source of design ideas. This might have a part of human nature which deeply inside rejects any advantages of human development. Unless artist possess of hand drawing skill would newer be totally switched to computer sketches. Furthermore not so many fashion designers publish or sale their fashion illustrations. It might be because fashion designers consider illustration as a part of a chain where is the main aim to produce a piece of clothing. To sketch it is the only way to achieve the aim. Computerization changed the look of fashion illustrations. There are many ways to retouch, finalize or create illustration in Adobe creative suite programs. Many online tutorials are available. Designers experiment with different technics. One of the most widespread process is to draw the illustration on paper, scan it and retouch in Photoshop using different brushes, bright colours and different effects. Another technic is to collect from slices a single unique image. Collage always makes illustration more original. One of the ways to do it is to do the first sketches using watercolour, gouache ink or just pencil instead of scanning image. Further steps are to find inspirited objects and photo shoot them. For the object itself can be taken all possible elements: fabrics, crystals, papers or magazine pages. The strong side of this technique that it does not have any limits. It could have hundred levels. Collages widely used for fashion illustrations. Mostly it used for production of T-shirts, bags or even scarfs. I think, that Commercial fashion illustration is not in a big demand now. Probably because of the latest Photoshop upgrades and a general image processing that can be done on a computer. However Editorial type of fashion Illustration is now hotter then ever. Especially images that look like they are done by hand and are Art (Eduard Erlikh, 2010). However even this filling of hand drawn illustration could be achieved with Photoshop or Illustrator brushes. In spite of this nothing could replace personal drawing skills (fig. 16-18). Definitely, there are many ways to produce unique illustrations. Within the design programs it is possible to change the whole look, give a total different meaning to illustration and its perception. However there is a certain rules for fashion illustrators. According to Tatham and Seaman (2003, p. 50) it is important to keep actual proportions of human body, because illustrations suppose to present clothes to be worn by real people. Despite of this matter, the illustration could have some stylization. Abstract or unfinished shape unless there is a science of proportions. Whatever idea hiding behind, wether it is a collage, full of fabrics and photos or hand drawn illustration, it must attract attention, there must have integrity and must remain that it is still about human being, existing fashion and potential customers. Sad fact is that fashion illustrations are not an independent art segment. In fact illustrator is a prisoner of society. First of all if illustrator is not a fashion designer, then he suppose to draw a piece of someone else art. Fashion illustrator still has to remember that he is dealing with human body. He must consider trends of illustration style to have a chance to sell it. He suppose to come with something new in era where is almost no chance for discovering. People often wonder how fashion designers manage to come up with so many marvellous new ideas. The truth is that these ideas are rarely completely new: designers create by reinventing the world around them'(Tatham and Seaman, 2003, p. 12). However, analysing current illustrators styles would be suitable to say that all the ideas were stolen from past and computer retouched to be at list a little different. Last three years could be called Silver age of illustrations. Hundreds new names appeared. Many of them incredibly and talented. Amazing fact is that quite a lot graphic designers are changing qualification to fashion illustrations. Illustrations are everywhere: magazines, brochures, advertising, promotion materials, bags, shoes, clothes, packaging design and even jewellery. The only disappointment is recreation. In comparisons with fifties, mainly sixties styles and illustration techniques, similarity is too obvious. Technics are almost duplicated. Like for example combination of painting with pencil or ink and watercolour. Most of the times, image looks like it was painted, but some details left untouched. It gives a filling of hand drawing composition , but at the same time there is some mystery. This unfinished look give a chance for imagination. This technique started widely used in 1945 till around 1970. Such illustrators as: Christian Bà ©rard, Renà © Gruau, Bernard Blossac and Setsu Nagasawa were using this technique. Nowadays this style of illustrations could be find in Vogue, Elle, Harpers Bazaar and many others international publications (fig. 19-22). This is exact reason why this period of time could not be called second Golden age of illustrations, there is nothing new, except unbelievable popularity of the illustrations. Probably for many people it would trendy to talk, to produce illustrations, but in case they would go at list a bit dipper they would discover for themselves that this trend was trendy many years ago, as it is now Sophie Grizzotto is talented french illustrator who was published in many international publications including Elle magazine. There are lots of aspects which make her work different, to stand above the others. First of all she has amazing drawing skills. Catching the moments this is one of the most powerful feature of her works. The details she presents are also incredibly important and competitive to photography. Unfortunately her works looks similar to Bernard Blossac illustrations made in forties. Blosac`s illustrations were widely used by such magazines as: Vogue, Harpers Bazaar and LOfficiel. Comparing Sophie Grizzotto illustrations (fig. 23) with Bernard Blossac works (fig. 24) such similarities could be noticed. Bernard Blosac used pencils and watercolour to produce his illustrations. Sophie Grizzotto works completely using the same technique. The only difference that she achieves watercolour effect using Photoshop brushes. Distinctive feature of Bernard Blosac technique make s the feeling of unfinished piece. Some details in the image left without filling with watercolour, staying in pen. This detail gives to the person who looked at the illustration a chance to finalize image by himself. It is wrong to blame this talented person to plagiarism, but influence is obvious. By analysing and comparing todays illustrations to the period of fifties and sixties sadly start realizing that all the styles and technique are borrowed from that time. Inspiration is a way to get passed, light up not the way to copy someone else ideas. There are many reasons why fashion illustration will stay desirable forever. Sadly one of the reasons is that illustrations are a part of a circle, spiral process, when something that was already created will be appearing again and again. In spite of this it was a couple moments which could destroyed fashion illustration existence, but it did not happened. Colour photography still can not replace illustrations. Defiantly popularity of fashion illustrations could depend on many aspects, but everything in this world is dependable. Interest to photography decreases interest to illustrations. In spite of this, the interest to illustrations is always exist. Personality is amazing filling which fashion illustrations give to this world. Each illustration is unique beauty object. Cultural aspects, beauty canons, development, computerization and million of other factors could influence to fashion illustrations. However we still need it, as we need real beauty created by real, alive person. Moreover, woman are the main customers for fashion. They will adore fashion illustrations forever like they adore the fairy tales. Illustrations give a chance for unlimited fantasy to exist. It is like starting point for magistery. Beauty is a magic. People are dependable on beauty. Fashion is one of the main source of beauty and there is no other chance for fashion to appear without illustrations. Photography is amazing achievement for humanity. There is always will be a competition, hided war between fashion illustrations and fashion photography. The positive sign is that more often people combine both of this branch together. Collages have a strong visual power. It gives the chance to these arts to collaborate and supplement each other. Todays fashion illustrations have this tendency to copy from existing styles to present a new ideas. Hopefully there will be a progress in a future. Many talented people are working in this field today. Many of them trying to come with something special, new progressive in illustrative world. It might be quite difficult to discover something new in this era, where almost everything was created. Primary fashion illustration depend on human ability and imagination. People have this ability to come up with amazing achievements. It must happened with illustrations as well- break to the new era platinum age of illustrations. May be quite soon Vogue photographed cover will be replaced with fashion illustration.

Care in the Community

Care in the Community Care in the Community United Kingdom has many legislations in place, these legislations are in place to protect and give appropriate help to all residents of the country. Four of these legislations/acts will be discussed in this writing. The acts are, Mental Health Act 2007, Direct payments Act 2007, Mental Health Capacity Act 2007 and also Independence,Well being and choice green paper. In addition to this, it will also look at Community Care Act 1990. In each of these 4 main legislations , it will underline the advantages and disadvantages and then it will indentify the moral, financial, political and social policy,which will all be relevant to the legislations. Community Care Act 1990 will indentify and explain why it has been put in to place and what is Community Care Act 1990 all about. Community Care Act is a piece of legislation which governs health and social care in the United Kingdom. It sets out how the National Health Service should assess and provide for patients based on their needs, requirements and circumstances. This legislation gives measures for Social Services Departments to provide care and support services in the community, rather than in institutions. Covers duties for each local authority to produce a community care plan and to carry out assessments of those who may be in need. According to many researches it has shown that the Community Care Act has been put into place as a cost cutting measure and the Conservatives have been accused of failing to adequately fund the NHS.( http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/442807.stm) Since the Mental Health Act 2007 has been amended from the 1983 Mental Health Act it has shown many positive factors such as the changes in professionals roles. The role of Approved Mental Health Professional was introduced as a result of the Mental Health Act 2007 which amended the Mental Health Act 1983. This type of role is opened to anyone with a nursing background such as: registered social workers ,first level nurses whose field of practice is mental health or learning disabilities, registered occupational therapists; and Chartered psychologist (http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:ko7D0JWfI30J:www.basw.co.uk/Portals/0/Chris%2520Southworth.ppt+amhp+rolecd=3hl=enct=clnkgl=uk). With relevant and sufficient training all these professionals listed above could become an Approved Mental Health Professional, and will be approved for the next 5 years and if they wish to continue in this role they will have additional training to atend. These professional bodies have to be approved by their local authority. Once the professional worker becomes an Approved Mental Health Professional they have the right to make decisions about people well being and give people with any health or social needs appropriate help. It would be also good to point out that the Approved Mental Health Professional has a lot of power in their role and will have to give correct and proffesional treatment and help t those who need certain care. This may be a very positive factor however what we have to look at and examine is this, ‘is it morally right to become AMPH from being an ASW. Into some extend we can say that this is not morally correct as this does not have enough training. And al so in many situations we could say that this is a cost cutting measure, as the NHS is in need of Approved Mental Health Professionals. Another advantages and disadvantages were brought in by the Direct Payments Act 1996, this brought in a lot of positives factors to many people lives. The Direct Payments Act 1996 advantages concentrates on giving people mainly back their social life, it gives them more control of their life which is very important to everyone. Direct Payments gives patients more independent and more control of their lives , therefore they will feel more relaxed and happier and mainly be less overwhelmed by financial demands. They will have the freedom to pick their own care staff and be in control. This will give them moral empowerment. However Direct Payments Act 1996 has brought in lot of disadvantages such the care managers are reluctant to use direct payments and do not have enough knowledge about this. And also it brings in a lot of responsibilities such as paperwork and hiring new staff. Which then opens a whole new responsibility and lot of people dont want to get involved in that as this mea ns more work for a lot of people. However this is not the correct way to be responding as a proffesional person and all care managers and care staff should be fully knowledgeable about this legislations, as this means that many service users will be missing out on something that could make a large positive impact on their lives. Direct Payments Act 1996 has brought in positives and negatives. But does this suit everyone. After researching the Direct Payments Act and what do direct payments users think we can say that this suit the majority of its users. Next legislation that this piece of writing will concentrate on is Mental Health Capacity Act 2007 this act states that everyone should be treated as able to make their own decisions until it is shown that they are not. It also aims to enable people to make their own decisions for as long as they are capableof doing so. A persons capacity to make a decision will be established at the time that a decision needs to be made. A lack of capacity could be because of a severe learning disability, dementia, mental health problems, a brain injury, a stroke or unconsciousness due to an anesthetic or a sudden accident. (http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/HealthAndSupport/YourRightsInHealth/DG_10016888) The positives of this act are that a person will be able to make their own decisions unless it is proven that they no longer can, once the cant make their own decisions, the decisions will be made for them. This is very positive as mainly this will protect vulnerable adults who cant no longer make decisions for them selfs. This act will give them power and freedom unless proven that the person is no longer able to make decisions. The negative outcome of this act would be that people will not feel free and for some it wont be morally right for someone to make decisions on their behalf. Into some cases some people may feel as if their dignity has gone due to the lack of power, once they cant make decisions.( http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/SocialCare/Deliveringadultsocialcare/MentalCapacity/MentalCapacityAct2005/index.htm) This Act will also help people make financial decisions once they cant make that decisions themselves. From November 9 2009 direct payments will be available to people who l ack capacity who meet the criteria laid out in regulations and guidance issued earlier this month. (http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/SocialCare/Deliveringadultsocialcare/MentalCapacity/MentalCapacityAct2005/index.htm) Once Direct Payments are available to people who lack capacity this will make things more smoother for people and will give them more freedom and more control of their lives. Last legislation in this writing will talk about is the Independence, Weill being and Choice Green Paper. This Green Paper gives a clear picture for adult social care for the next 10 to 15 years and how this may work. It gives all people the chance to everyone to give their ideas,views and opinion and lets them have their own sa on the matter and then it will be considered. They way that this should work is that if people give their opinions and views this should make smoother and easier legislations for the future. However this is a very long process as this is first open to the public that is what is called the green paper, once the government has decided it wants to go ahead with a specific area it then becomes a white paper. The white paper then, is presented to the parliament to be voted on, once it has the majority of votes it then becomes an Act. So this will be a very long process. However if this will be done it will give people more control of their finances and their moral s. The last part of this writing will evaluate the main provisions of community legislation and their implications. As writen about in the previous paragraphs, four legislation were discussed along with positives and negatives of each one. It can be said that all four legislations ome with advantages and disadvantages. Positive factors are the ones that mainly all service users are interested in. However the negatives are something that needs more interest put to it. For example the Direct Payments Act, and the fact that Care managers do not want to get involved with because their arent so knowledgeable about it. In the research that have been carried out during this writing, it can be acknowledged that mainly all legislations do concentrate on changing service users lifes for a better future. It also highlights that the legislations are in place so that service users get control of their lives back and making sure that service users have the freedom and do not loose ther dignity and morals. References: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/442807.stm [Assessed 9th November 2009] http://209.85.229.132/search?q=cache:ko7D0JWfI30J:www.basw.co.uk/Portals/0/Chris%2520Southworth.ppt+amhp+rolecd=3hl=enct=clnkgl=uk [Assesed 11th November 2009] http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/HealthAndSupport/YourRightsInHealth/DG_10016888 [Assessed 12th November 2009] http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/SocialCare/Deliveringadultsocialcare/MentalCapacity/MentalCapacityAct2005/index.htm [Assessed 14th November 2009] http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/publicationsandstatistics/publications/publicationspolicyandguidance/dh_4106477 [Assessed 15th November 2009] http://www.dh.gov.uk/en/SocialCare/Deliveringadultsocialcare/MentalCapacity/MentalCapacityAct2005/index.htm [Assessed 17th November 2009]

Battle of vicksburg :: essays research papers

By 1863, the Confederate hold on the Mississippi River was limited to Vicksburg and Port Hudson– both strong bastions– difficult to overcome. In a daring move, U.S. Grant, commanding the Union forces, sent his troops past Vicksburg and landed to the south of the city. Grant's troops then defeated Confederate forces in five separate engagements. After a 6 week seige, Confederate forces surrendered. To the Confederates Vicksburg was there "Gibraltar of the West", it together with Port Hudson were the only two points that the South held on the Mississippi. Grant had tried a number of round-about approaches to Vicksburg including the building of a by pass canal, as well various routes through the bayous. Finally, Grant decided on the direct approach. He sent his army south of Vicksburg on the opposite side of the river. Then he sent his gunboats and a number of transports south passed the guns of Vickburg to ferry the troops across the mile wide Mississippi. On April 16th three transports and eight gunboats traversed the guns of Vicksburg. Despite the fact that defenders of Vicksburg fired 525 rounds at them, they succeeded in making it past the guns with the lose of only one transport. A few days later additional boats followed. To confuse the confederate defenders commanded by General Pemberston, Grant sent Union cavalry men under the command of Benjamin Grierson to raid the Confederate interior. His raid was highly successful. He successfully crossed the state of Mississippi, destroying railroads and other materials, while avoiding his pursuers. The great success of the raid was however, in forcing Pemberston to detach troops to follow him. Grant also detached a division of Sherman troops to feint an attack North of the city. This causes Pemberston to send troops guarding the Southern approaches to the North. Thus when Grant crossed with all of his forces he was not opposed. Once across instead of attacking Vicksburg, Grant moved eastward towards Jackson the state capital. There, Confederate General Johnson was putting together a forces to oppose Grant. Grant's forces quickly overwhelmed the confederates in Jackson. In four additional battles Grants forces totally decimated Confederate forces. After defeating all of the field armies that he faced, Grant then attacked Vicksburg itself on May 19th.

Tylenol :: essays research papers

Tylenol What Happened?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In October of 1982, Tylenol, the leading pain-killer in the United States at the time faced a crisis. Seven people in Chicago were reported dead after taking Tylenol. 12-year-old Mary Kellerdman of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, Adam Janus of Arlington Heights, Illinois, his brother Stanley Janus, and his wife Theresa Janus, Mary Reiner of Winfield, Paula Price, and Mary McFarland of Elmhurst Illinois was the last victim of the cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules. This happened bﴱᄃecause there was Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules that had been distributed and tampered with. The capsules contained 65 milligrams of cyanide. The amount necessary to kill a human is five to seven micrograms, which means that the person used 10,000 times more poison that what was needed.. The tampering had occurred when the products reached the shelves. The connection between the deaths and the Tylenol was discovered within days by two off-duty firemen who were listing to their pol ice radios. Phillip Cappitelli and Richard Keyworth were the men to make the connection and tell there superiors. What did Tylenol do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tylenol is part of the Johnson & Johnson Company. Once they made the connection between the report and the Tylenol they put customer safety first, before they worried about the company’s profit. The company immediately informed customers not to consume any type of Tylenol product. To throw away what they had until the extent of the tampering could be determined. Johnson and Johnson stopped all production and advertising. The recall included approximately 31 million bottles of Tylenol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tylenol’s credo is, â€Å"We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services. We are responsible for our employees, the men and women who work with us throughout the world. We are responsible to the communities in which we live and work and to the world community as well. Our final responsibility is to our stockholders. How they recovered?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To recover from the crisis Tylenol did a number of things. The first, they knew that that needed to gain consumer confidence so when they re-introduced the product there was a triple-seal tamper-resistant seal. They become the first company to comply with the Food and Drug Administration tamper-resistant packaging. Second they needed to motivate customers to buy the product, so they offered a $2.50 coupon on their purchase. They were available in the newspapers as well as a free number to call. Tylenol :: essays research papers Tylenol What Happened?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In October of 1982, Tylenol, the leading pain-killer in the United States at the time faced a crisis. Seven people in Chicago were reported dead after taking Tylenol. 12-year-old Mary Kellerdman of Elk Grove Village, Illinois, Adam Janus of Arlington Heights, Illinois, his brother Stanley Janus, and his wife Theresa Janus, Mary Reiner of Winfield, Paula Price, and Mary McFarland of Elmhurst Illinois was the last victim of the cyanide-laced Tylenol capsules. This happened bﴱᄃecause there was Extra-Strength Tylenol capsules that had been distributed and tampered with. The capsules contained 65 milligrams of cyanide. The amount necessary to kill a human is five to seven micrograms, which means that the person used 10,000 times more poison that what was needed.. The tampering had occurred when the products reached the shelves. The connection between the deaths and the Tylenol was discovered within days by two off-duty firemen who were listing to their pol ice radios. Phillip Cappitelli and Richard Keyworth were the men to make the connection and tell there superiors. What did Tylenol do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tylenol is part of the Johnson & Johnson Company. Once they made the connection between the report and the Tylenol they put customer safety first, before they worried about the company’s profit. The company immediately informed customers not to consume any type of Tylenol product. To throw away what they had until the extent of the tampering could be determined. Johnson and Johnson stopped all production and advertising. The recall included approximately 31 million bottles of Tylenol.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tylenol’s credo is, â€Å"We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses, and patients, to mothers and fathers and all others who use our products and services. We are responsible for our employees, the men and women who work with us throughout the world. We are responsible to the communities in which we live and work and to the world community as well. Our final responsibility is to our stockholders. How they recovered?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To recover from the crisis Tylenol did a number of things. The first, they knew that that needed to gain consumer confidence so when they re-introduced the product there was a triple-seal tamper-resistant seal. They become the first company to comply with the Food and Drug Administration tamper-resistant packaging. Second they needed to motivate customers to buy the product, so they offered a $2.50 coupon on their purchase. They were available in the newspapers as well as a free number to call.

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austens Pride And Prejudice Essays

The Theme of Marriage in Jane Austen's Pride And Prejudice One of the main themes in Pride And Prejudice is marriage. Throughout the novel, the author describes the various types of marriages and reasons behind them. "It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife. The novel demonstrates how many women need to marry men they are not in love with simply in order to gain financial security. The first instance of marriage seen in the novel is that between Mr and Mrs Bennet. However it is far from perfect, with the couple barely speaking to each other. Mr Bennet's extreme sarcasm that is seen throughout the book makes Mrs Bennet seem incompetent to hold a conversation and indeed at times a relationship. "They are silly and ignorant, like other girls". Austen uses the Bennet's relationship to illustrate at the beginning of the book that clearly many did not marry because of love or connection but merely for social and financial acceptance. The Longbourn estate is an extreme hardship on the Bennet family; it produces a hurdle in Mrs Bennet's goal to get all of her children married. The entailment of Mr Bennet's estate leaves his daughters in a poor financial situation, which both requires them to marry and makes it more difficult for them to marry. It might be correct in assuming that Mrs Bennet felt social and financial pressure to get all of her children married. Her husband's estate was entailed to his nephew, Mr. Collins. Therefore, Mrs. Bennet wanted her daughters to have financial stability elsewhere in case of their father's death. "If you go on refusing eve... .... Austen creates a character that is not special in any particular way but is yet so perfect to fulfil the role of a wife. We see that she is well dressed, educated, and creative. It is these qualities that attract Darcy as well as Elizabeth's apparent unwillingness to actually marry. Ultimately Elizabeth wants to marry for love. She turns down Mr Collins, even though he could have offered her a comfortable position in life and Mr Darcy, even with his fortune of  £10 000 a year. Austen uses different characters and their relationships to represent to the reader different aspects of marriage. Austen wants to create the perfect marriage but in doing this shows the reader that no marriage is perfect. She highlights how money and social status was far more desirable in the 19th century then true love and appreciation.

Does Having a Recognizable Art or Design “Style” Limit One’s Creativity? Essay

In order to touch basis on what everything truly is and get a solid meaning, let’s discuss what an art style really is, â€Å"..Art styles describe the way the artwork looks. Style is basically the manner in which the artist portrays his or her subject matter and how the artist expresses his or her vision. Style is determined by the characteristics that describe the artwork, such as the way the artist employs form, color, and composition, to name just a few. Another important factor in determining the style of an artwork is to examine the way the artist handles the medium, taking into account the method or technique that the artist uses. An additional aspect of art styles is the philosophy or driving force behind the artwork. All of these stylistic elements are defined by the choices artists make as they compose their artwork.† [ArtIsFun] So, now that we understand that — the main issue I feel needs to be addressed is that recognizable art is not limiting the creativity of an artist, it just limits their field. It doesn’t stop them from expanding, rather than allow them to be free from pressure of the new-tone art, as they stick with their recognizable art and expand from there. Consistency is never bad, in fact, it’s considered stable so long as there’s also a slight variation, whether through purpose, tone, color, meaning, etc. For instance, a particular artist may have recognizable art for marketing purposes. If someone were too originally paint flowers of different variations, and then start painting people – the difference can be confusing; â€Å"If your goal is to create a name-recognized brand – like Mary Engelbreit, for example, you have to develop a strong, tight and recognizable style. People have to see it and know, â€Å"Mary Engelbreit.† Mary is known for her black and white checks, cherries, cute characters and use of quotes in her work. If she started painting landscapes, it would confuse the market.† [Reed] However, another issue is that when creating a portfolio to impress a major employer, they seek variation and different styles; but why? If you’re good at it, why change? They want to be able to see all that you’re good at. Very similar to how American Idol put its contestants through rock music and then through country music. So, even though you may be particularly good at a particular style, variation is sought upon when searching for a career. The broader, the more unique even if you’re placed doing one design for the rest of your life in that particular career.

Working in the Shadows Ch 4

Justin Falcone October 19,2012 Home figure show up 5 Chapter 4 ledger In reading chapter 4 in wrenching in the shadows we have seen that Gabriele is on his last week of training. Gabriele is giving the bloodline to press clipping the four rows of lettuce that are in the path of the machine where the lettuce is stored in the boxes. Gabriele is realizing that 4 rows is a lot and his has to get them done. In this chapter you as the reader real find all the courage, ambition and strength that Gabriel has. Gabriele has started slick the lettuce the first day Gabriele couldnt cut 25 heads before having to stand dep obliterateable up and unwind and stretch his back.Gabriele stayed firm and kept up with his cutting and as the days went up Gabriele has cut thousands of lettuce and was on his way to finish up his rows. In this chapter it tells us that Gabriele starts operative with the rest of the chemical group and tells us all the struggles that Gabriel is going threw. amongst the aches and hurts and the soreness, Gabriel needs to stay strong, it really al slumps us as the reader to ask how hard these immigrants are working. As Gabriele goes on with his workdays no matter how hard he is working he is getting let loose out to work harder even though he believes that he is keeping up with the rest of the workers.Something that caught my eye that I relish this chapter was manly round was the immigrant worker towards the American workers in the United States. On a Sunday morning Gabriel went to visit Mateo, and the comments Mateo where fashioning for me as an American worker in the United States take it personal. Basically move to say that Mexican and immigrant workers work some(prenominal) harder where they work in there country, and that us Americans only sit in offices and work on computers all day.Something that was left out in this chapter could have answered these comments for me and for Mateo that we as Americans work harder then these immigra nts think we do. Gabriele could have given stories or even experiences he had with working to back up us Americans. At least explain that the reason why immigrants get into the United States and take the fatigue jobs from many American workers is because immigrants al dispirited the low pay and the extra hours of work, because it isnt anything bare-assed for them.As seen in lettuce picking with the extra hours and the low pay, these immigrants dont have a choice they need to take these jobs. Towards the end of the chapter Gabriele is explaining how hard this job is for him, one of the hardest and Gabriel has victorious 2 days off to relax his body. This job I making Gabriele conceive of about it that how much he thinks about it and worries about going to work all(prenominal) day. After all in my eyeball Gabriel realizes that this job is putting a effect to him, but he will non quite, he will work threw pain and suffer no matter what.