The Recent Recession and the Economics of Developing Countries Essay Example for Free

The Recent Recession and the economics of Developing Countries EssayThis penning will be looking into the phenomenon of the recent US recession in light of its relationship with the economies of ontogenesis countries. It seems that Keynesian Economics managed to save the US parsimony from the inefficiencies caused by the free market economy, but how potbelly such a tragedy be handles in small developing countries wherein organisations dont accept the alike resources to bail place corporations?This writer believes that it is important to analyze the repercussions of this phenomenon as there are many developing countries whose development and more specifically their economies , are modeled subsequently the economy of the United States. In Episode 1, The Battle of Ideas, we saw that Keynes believed that the private sector decisions sometimes lead to unproductive macroeconomic outcomes and therefore, he advocated active policy solutions by states or governments.It was follo wed by huge economies in order to survive the Great Depression of the 1930s but was dismissed in the late 1970s-1980s (and seemingly) until straight off for the free market economy or with what Hayek has been advocating decades back. But recently, due to the economic recession that the US and oftentimes of the worlds huge economies experienced, it would seem that Keynes can be correct after all. This can be illustrated by the fact that without numerous bailouts from the federal government, US capitalism would have collapsed under its protest knees.This disputation in Episode 1 by Robert Skidelsky is worth saying to those who have scoffed at Keynes in the years before this recent recession (2007- pass), Hayek always rejected macroeconomics. He rejected any government intervention during the Great Depression itself, whereas Keynes was an activist. He said in the pine run were all dead, and in the massive run if we allow things to go on without remedy, we get lots of Hitlers, lot s of wars, and lots of Stalins. And who was right? What the US Federal government did in bailing out the close to bankrupt financial institutions was much corresponding what Keynes (as mentioned in The Battle of Ideas) has been advocating Governments should spend against the wind. In good times they should reduce their spending and build surpluses in stinking times, like the Great Depression, they should step up spending, run deficits, and put purchasing power into the hands of working peck. It is worthwhile to first look at the long history of rivalry between Keynesian and Classical/Neo-Classical Economics.Before the Great Depression of the 1930s, the market was left alone (laissez faire) as was advocated by Classical Economists like David Ricardo and Adam Smith until the Great Depression occurred. Industries collapsed, the thriving economy in a slump,jobs lost, people went hungry. After the Great Depression, government adapted the Keynesian Economics and resuscitated the econ omy back to feeling. All was well and until the economies become stagnat and inflation sky-rocketed. When welfare states and dependent economies failed, it was the free market economy that went on to give life to sick economies.The transition to this was difficult as we have learned from The Agony of unsnarl. There may be three reasons that can be pointed out why struggle economies found it difficult to make the transition from having a state-run economy into letting the market work by it 1. From Episode II, The Agony of Reform we can see the first reason may be the fear of the shock that the change will make. Price of essential needs will of necessity skyrocket at first while the market evens out itself after price controls have been lifted as what happened to Bolivia.2. The second reason is the political scope in the country wherein the transition will be made. Political leadership fear that they will lose power because of the discontent or worry of people caused by the sudd en impact of the transition from state-run economy to market economy (As such with the leadership of Nixon and other Latin American Countries). 3. The third reason is that the leaders themselves have gotten used to dependency and conservatism and are afraid to take risks. The same seems to be true for their citizens.A nonher reason, I think, that was a factor for struggling economies (at least those in the Latin Americas) difficulties in making the transition was because they are pressured into following models prescribed by the bigger and stronger economies such as Britain and the US. In this alter from one paradigm to a nonher, we have seen that the most difficulty was experienced by the developing countries during that time (as shown in the film, segmenticularly Latin America). Going back to the present situation of economies today, there great curiosity on what will happen next with economic giants such as US and UK but how about developing countries?Most developing countries are highly dependent on direct foreign investments. When economies of developed countries are doing well, the supply of investment for developing countries go up but during a recession, supply of investment for developed countries go down. As developing countries are highly dependent on agriculture and usually without their own national industries, lack of foreign investments coming in would mean loss of jobs and decrease in the Gross National Income. No jobs would mean fewer taxes for the government and less support for its jobless citizens on social services.It is indeed a cycle of poverty. This is what happens to developing countries. Due to lack of their own national industries, they do not even have corporations to bail out. Instead, they seem to be mere extensions of the bigger economies instead of being equally connected as is ideal in a globalized economy that is being advocated by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Right now, I believe that developing count ries should encourage its own citizens to take part in their economy through small and medium-scale enterprises in order for their economy as they encourage foreign investment.This is for them to have a fall-back in times of a global recession. Also through this way, people will not be so dependent on foreign investment in providing jobs for them. In our course, I have learned the different macroeconomic theories that have worked and failed through the years. Through historical analysis and study of the positive and negative sides of the theories and their applications, I believe that the same obstacles will be faced. Thus the importance of carefully reviewing economic policies that have worked and following or enhancing them and also making sure that those policies that have failed are not enforced again.In order to overcome these obstacles, a balance with the private and the public sector in the economy should be achieved after all, too much of anything can never be good. History has shown us that markets fail because of the abuse of some corporations in their quest for more financial gains therefore better affair ethics on the part of corporations should be promoted. On the part of the government/state, regulatory boards and committees should always be present, the roles of which are to draft loose rules particular for to each one industry in order to ensure that no abuse by market players are being done.By loose, it is meant that these rules should be more of a monitoring mechanism rather than controlling. By establishing institutions such as these, recessions or market inefficiencies can be avoided, also saving the state the need to majorly intercede through providing financial help to the market by creating stimulus programs or bailouts. I believe that achieving the balance between the application of Keynesian and Free foodstuff Economics (Neo-Classical) will ensure the stability of markets thus ensuring development of all nations. .

International and Strategic Marketing Essay Example for Free

International and Strategic Marketing EssayThe globalisation of business grocerys from interior(prenominal) to worldwide has generated a unique competitive prefer for all the organizations whose growths and services atomic number 18 being welcomed by the clients all around the world demanding mass selling efforts. In this regard, marketing research in the international surroundings is having different methodology and complications with respect to geographical boundaries of a specific country in which penetration and development of a product is required. Therefore, an international market planning with strategic aligned goal, for development in the global world should be the objective of marketers to captivate international market leadership. IntroductionThe gravity of globalization in todays modern era in the business world is increasing enormously due to faster means of communication, transportation, technology, and rapid financial streams. The product that is being p roduced in a specific role does not have limitations of boundaries. A Russian student can be wearing Italian T-shirt, driving in a German car going to meet his friend in a Chinese restaurant. This example is not astonishing because it is a general practice and nowadays everybody can illustrate the true meaning of world global market place. Hence, marketers are required to analyze this gravity of globalization and have to consider international marketing in their strategic goal of marketing plan.Marketing is the sanitary known concept of anticipating customer need or demand so analyzing how marketers are going to fulfill that demand or need and finally satisfying customer need or demand. If the customer is genuinely satisfied by gauging the ultimate benefit from that product or service provided by the marketer than it develops a sense of strong relationship between the customer and the organization, in which the organization give value to the customer and in return customer give value to them by building a strong bankable relationship (Kotler, Armstrong, 2008).International marketing concept is also the same as the general defined concept of marketing alone the methodology to enter and punch in the international market is not the same as it is in domestic marketing. Indeed the tools and skills to enter in the international market is same but their application differs due the factors which include economy, political and legal system, and most importantly culture and buying behavior of the nation. Hence, the ideology of international marketing can be gauged in this way that the organization which offers its products and services by planning, pricing, promoting, and distributing to more than one nation other than domestic market to earn higher profit (Cateora et al., 2002).Internationalized duty OperationsMany potential organizations tend to bring their operation on global level rather than national level. When the companies move to internationalization th e complexity and mundaneness of operations change enormously. The basic guidelines for the companies orienting in international market are described by EPRG framework (Wind, Douglas, Perlmutter, 1973). This framework deals with four types of orientation of companion going to international market which area. Ethnocentrism In this type of orientation, top management is highly focusing on domestic market as compared to extraneous market because its products have already stable and reasonable demand in domestic market. Company considers their foreign sales as surplus to their domestic sales.b. Polycentrism It is the placement which arises when the corporation recognizes that its multi domestic products strategies would not be successful in the host country if the orientation method is same as domestic orientation. Hence, a different marketing program to enter in the international market is required by the company.c. Regiocentrism In these stages company identifies the similarities of the entire region and enters the regional market by developing integrated strategies of marketing. Such types of orientation capture geographically and economically integrated region such as NAFTA and European Union.d. Geocentrism In this type of progression company consider the entire global market as its potential market place. This is one of the most important and critical type of approach when companies shuffling single policies for the entire world market. The organizations should have prior focus on going globally because this approach has a great future. Hence, it is proved as well that organizations which are growing globally have gathered tremendous success in the past decades.International marketing environmentAn optical company introduced midsection glasses in Thailand by running advertizing campaign of cute animals wearing glasses. The advertisement featuring animal was a pathetic choice as in Thailand animals are considered to be the sign of low life and was not r espectful for Thais to take that thing which was being used by animal due to which the company had to suffer a loss in spite of modern and unique design of their product (Payne, website). So the main fault was of the companys marketing research team that they did not gathered give up knowledge of Thai culture and have misjudged the society in which they are going to enter. They did not crystalise the fact that the marketing environment would be different from the domestic market in which they have achieved the strategic position.When the organization takes the decision of going beyond the domestic market then it needs to cater that there provide be significant national differences which will create a different marketing environment than the one it is serving now. This reflects the very fact that the research is need to be conducted in those highlighting factors which will affect its strategic marketing goals. There are many ways by which research can be conducted out of which ask ing question is the most effective one by which an appropriate issue is obtained (Kumar, 2000).Marketing Research in Saudi-Arabian ArabiaIf the analysis is conducted on the differences of factors in the international marketing environment of a country named as Saudi Arabia then it is observed that the main highlighting factors which are to be considered in doing research and which differentiate people of one nation to another are discussed belowa. husbandry Nation with different cultures has different traditional values and demand those products which are not vulnerable to their culture. Saudi Arabia is a Muslim country having Arabs traditional values, they will highly support and promote the product in Saudi market which will either promote their culture or at least simulate their culture.b. Economic condition The economic condition of the nation should be highly considered in marketing research because it defines the purchasing power of the customer which is the main line of credit of marketing. In Saudi market maximum companies offer luxurious and expensive products because the purchasing power of the nation is high because of rich government having vast numerate of natural resources.c. Racial differences It defines the different physical features of the nation. Like the cosmetic product would be different for the customers of Saudi Arabia as compared to the customers of U.S.A. It is located in such region of Asia in which people have generally different colored skin which is opposite to U.S. nation which do not have the same skin as Saudis have. In this regard, the marketing program for the Saudi nation for particularly cosmetic products would be different from that of U.S.A.d. Climate It defines the different meteorological condition of the country because it has a great impact on the products which have seasonal demands. Saudi Arabia is considered as the hot climate country in which temperature normally rises to 55 0F. For such a hot weather countr y marketers have taken that as opportunity for them and have introduced such air conditioning system which can sustain the temperature of Saudi Arabia. There would be consider an immature marketing program if the products which are not suitable with the climate of the country are introduced because they are not matched for that region neither they have market demand in that region.e. Religion It does reflect in the marketing, in the sense that the product whose ingredients are controversial. In Saudi Arabia the concept of Halal food restricts the entire food manufacturers to penetrate in its markets that violate it and in the same way alcoholic drinks are also not allowed because of their religious jurisdiction.f. Language In international marketing research, it is one of the most important aspects because it is the effective means of communication and if it is not used in appropriate manner, can cause reverse affect on marketing efforts. Arabic is the native language of Saudi nati on and mostly they are unable to view English, which is a universal language. So, the marketers have analyzed that their all promotion efforts should be translated in Arabic so that the customer really get to know that what the product all about is.Similarly, there are also other factors which marketers have to analyze in the international marketing research mode of environment it has targeted like market facilities and capabilities, political stability of the country, nation psyche etc.

Importance Of Media In Sport

Importance Of Media In SportThe first ever televised football match was shown by the BBC 12 Months After the service was born. Viewers watched 12 months before the match purely through excitement of which the two teams were to take on. On the 16th of September 1937, armoury and Arsenal Reserved played each other in the first ever televised match. The first ever televised Inter matter match was amongst Scotland and England on 9th April 1938. with the years telly set spectators turn out increased along with the touristedity of playfulness. More boast channels ar available to watch on the television as a variety of providers such as Sky and Virgin be constantly upgrading and adding a wider variety of sports channels which includes legion(predicate) an(prenominal) different sports. Per person in Britain the average viewing time on television a week is 25 hours. Sports channel viewers increase every day which means much of the 25 hours watched are spent watching sport. Ther e are two bodies in Britain responsible for television and these areThe British Broadcasting Corporation(BBC), which broadcasts television and radio set programmesThe Independent Television Commission(ITC), which licences and regulates commercial television service including cable, satellite and independent teletext services(1)Showing times and slots for programmes are decided by these bodies and around of the times are decided by the shows popularity with the viewers.Ofcom (Office of Communications) is a company which licences all television services across the UK. They have a broadcasting edict which all broadcasters must stick to and follow. Viewers are entitled to watch certain sports pillowcases free of charge through the BBC such as the Olympics, The Ashes and manhood cup matches in football. Snooker and Rugby events are in addition provided free of charge by the BBC. Sky and Virgin sports channels cost money as they are sold as a package deal but money is also generate d through offering of extra sport channels such as ESPN and Extreme Sports. Pay per View channels provide special events in Boxing and other sports such as wrestling. These events cost money but the viewer has the option whether to watch or not.RadioOn January 15th 1927, The Rugby Union was the very first sport to be broadcasted on the radio. The match was between Wales and England and it took place at Twickenham. The radio is very important when relating to sport as it gives live commentary of a wide range of sports around the world. During sporting events many members of the public may not have access to a television as they may be at work or travelling. A radio is very accessible for example cars and mobile phones provide connections to radio signals. In many careers today workplaces allow radios to be listened to during work time. Football matches and also many other sports can be tuned into when a television cant be accessed. BBC Radio 5 is a very popular station forSporting ac tion, intelligence information and updates. Continental AM is the most popular sports news radio station in the UK. In the United States ESPN is the most popular as it covers Americas most popular sports such as baseball and American football. Both of these radio stations are studyly popular violately due to that they broadcast the worlds biggest sporting event which is The World Cup. Many people own mp3 players and i pods which also have access to radio stations. This is very useful when travelling by train or bus. Airplanes also provide headphones to allow passengers to listen to radio stations. Depending on the time of travel many sports events can be tuned into.Newspapers/PressBefore television was invented a newspaper was the main source for accessing sports news and updates. The New York Times was the first ever newspaper to include a sports section. This idea grew at a very profligate rate and more(prenominal) than newspapers around the world began designating an area in their paper purely for sporting context. Below is a list of the UKs most popular newspapers leave 10 UK quotidian Newspapers1The solarise(2,955,957)2Daily Mail(2,096,074)3Daily Mirror(1,239,691)4Daily Star(823,025)5Daily Telegraph(683,220)6Daily Express(665,731)7The Times(506,997)8Financial Times(386,590)9Daily Record(328,183)10The Guardian(288,917) (2)The Sun is the most popular newspaper as shown above and it also has a sports section at the back of the newspaper. The problem with this is that The Suns information is believed to be not unaccompanied accurate. Each newspaper has many different journalists. Cadwick and Nancarrow are the main sports editors for The Sun and are considered as major press to sports performers and managers. When editors gather information it can be totally altered for production and viewers interest. The Daily Mail is another popular newspaper for sport and it provides news and results for the following sports boxing, football, rugby, tennis, snook er, golf and horse racing. The circumscribe produced in these sports includes information on different levels for example school football results. Newspapers are printed daily which is beneficial for finding recent and up to date sports information. profitsIn the past decade the internet has became the main source of communication as well as promoting sporting information and news updates. The internet itself is lay down on many devices today such as laptops and mobile phones. This makes the internet very accessible no matter where you are located. Every day more sports facts and information is added to the internet which can be discussed through email or chat rooms. For example Facebook is the worlds largest social network website with a substantial figure of more than 500 million users. Sports updates and results are posted on this website which means a huge amount of the public have access to them. As well as social interaction to discuss sport there are also individual website s which give information in depth on upcoming and comprise sports events and competitions. It can be argued that the internet has now taken over television and radio regarding recent news and worldwide updates. Therefore the most viewed sports channels are now converted onto the internet which allows the public to access live sports action and results through their computer. For those interested in predicting the outcome of these events, several gambling websites regarding sport have been launched and are now available for internet users. This is extremely convenient and efficient as the public can play a part in the sporting action straight from their online device. Sports advertisement is escalating on the internet which promotes a variety of sports and gets online users interested.Developing function regulatesRole models are a major part of promoting sport around the world. Performers at the peak of their individual sport become a role model to sports fans and inspire youths t o try hard to better their personal ability. When most people think of a sports role model the majority of the public would say the name David Beckham. David is without a doubt a main role model figure in sport around the world as he promotes football through advertisements such as television adverts and internet advertisements. Scotland also has role models in a variety of sports such as tennis star Andrew Murray. This 23 year old athlete is currently ranked number 1 in Britain and number 5 in the world. Many young performers look up to Andrew and try to excel in sport as he has. Sponsorships play a huge role in promoting sport and role models are usually sponsored by main sports labels such as Adidas and Nike. Andrew Murray appears in Adidas adverts on television and the internet which promotes tennis and sporting activity. Being a major role model in sport also comes with a certain amount of pressure. nigh of Scotland relies on performers such as Andrew Murray to succeed and rep resent their unsophisticated. The performer stresses about winning as failure may ruin their role model spirit and decrease their theme popularity.National IdentityThis is when the nation unites or comes together and supports a national team in a major sporting event such as The World Cup. Advertisements through television, radio and the internet promote national status and increase the nations interest and support. Scotland is a very patriotic country and when a major sport event arises everyone shows teeming support by gathering together to watch the event or uniting and chanting the national anthem. All over the nation the event will be discussed and a high number of supporters will where Scottish tartan or kilts to show their full support. The events stadium or venue will be guaranteed a full capacity to represent the whole nations support. Agencies such as the S.F.A promote Scotland in major competitions and the management team are put under a lot of pressure to live up to t his positive promotion. Both managers and performers are pressured due to national identity as they dont want to let the whole nation down and look to be a disappointment. National support plays a massive part on sport success because it increases the players confidence and belief in their countries ability to succeed.ConclusionThis report showed the importance of different forms of media and how they influence sport. Technology is constantly up hopefully new forms of media will be produced. Each form has its own individual benefits and they all play a part in promoting sport and advertising events. As described, role models and national support promote and increase sport interest and involvement around the world.

The History Of Dance And Cultural Influences Film Studies Essay

The History Of Dance And Cultural Influences Film Studies EssayPolitical climates, social factors and cultural influences ar some of the key elements that affect dance and its disciplinement. Emotional and intellectual reactions towards changes in these political and social circumstances are often terms evidently seen in the fair of dance. (Company, Library, College, Division, Dept, Branch, Hanna, Arny, and Company) In the movie White Nights, the lives of both dancers from entirely different cultural backgrounds are intertwined resulting in an interesting marriage of tip off spring and ballet. These two intelligibly unique forms of dance are central to the plot of land of the story as they help to push the action in the movie forward. Planted in an automated teller machine of distrust and paranoia, Greenwood ironically found solace tap dancing his way into Broadway numbers that were truncated into small and less glamorous sets for an unexposed Soviet audience. On the diffe rent hand, the leading character Rodchenko, experienced a great freedom as he fled the totalitarian state opening the door for exploration and exposure to a wider range of dance techniques, experimenting with different artistic directions. Eventually, their passion for dance and scene becomes the catalyst that transforms the relationship between the idealistic Russian ballet superstar, Nikolai Rodchenko and the disappoint Harlem-born tap dancer, Raymond Greenwood.Set in the tense political climate of the Cold War between communist Soviet Union and capitalist United States of America, it was one of the basal perimeters for much of the tension between the two characters. With suspicion and fear, the two began their accidental friendship resulting a collaboration non only in executing a plan of escape but also in their respective dance forms. In a way, dance became one of the vehicles and motivation for these characters migration to an opposite land. Due to the dissatisfaction or r estrictions they have experienced due the political situation of their nation, they opted to leave for another land in search for an avenue to express themselves in dance.Likened to the oppression of the legalistic church service during the Dark Ages, the outlet for emotional expression through dance was never successfully suppressed by political or social forces. Similar to the countryside tribe who danced underground and away from the eyes of the authorities during the Dark Ages, Nikolai also found an outlet for greater expression in dance in America and other parts of the world.Parallel to the character of Nikolai, Raymond Greenwoods dances could also be seen as a result of the political climate of which he was placed in. Due the Vietnam war, he became traumatised and disillusioned with the American government. He too, was pushed by the atrocities he experienced to leave those memories behind and start anew in the drastically different world of the Soviet Union.In addition, Int ernational press relations and the image of the Soviet Union in the global community also seemed to be one of the key concerns which motivated the plot. Nikolai was held in the Soviet Union against his will in an attempt to convince the international ballet star to dance in Leningrad instead of the world at large. This is an framework where the interests of the totalitarian state directly impedes an individual advancement in the world of dance (as in other art forms). This relates to the idea of how oppression has an effect on dance. As such, one cannot deny how the political situation of a nation has great impact on the emotional state and being of a dancer. This successfully creates a significant reaction which is displayed through the medium of dance.Socially, the sentiments and emotions toward the Soviet Union and the racism situation in the United States have been important factors that shaped the dances seen in the film. In the case of Nikolai, the rebellion and frustration t owards the iron fist of the Soviet Unions reign was distinctly expressed in a sequence where he was dancing in front of his old flame. The movements and shapes involved in that dance were a clear expression of rebellion as it went against the basic ballet concept of thin and clean straight lines created by the body. The dance consisted of bend knees, asymmetrical forms and crooked shapes/lines, going against the elegant form and shape of classical ballet. Even the music (which was disallow in the Soviet Union) feature the screaming tones of an frustrated Russian, displaying the emotions of an oppressed society. Just like in Hip-Hop dances and rap music of the African-American community, dance served as an outlet of release for all the emotional angst and sentiments of rebellion evident in the culture of a particular community due to the social issues and problems present. This sentiment not only displays a different side of Russian dance culture but also helps to bring the plot f orward as it moves Helen Mirrens character to jeopardy her life to aid Nikolai arrange for a route of escape. In this sense, the scene was strategically used to move the viewer and the character which was crucial in pitiable the plot forward. Again, this fulfills Noverres concept of ensuring that dance solos are used in supporting to a central understructure and plot.The two different cultures and dance forms are introduced to the viewing audience are separate and distinct entities at the beginning of the show. In the opening scene of the movie displayed a dance piece that seemingly fitting the four-spot elements of which Jean- Georges Noverre proposed that ballets ought to have in the famous Lettres sur la danse et les ballet1. Ballet should not only be technically brilliant, but should move audience emotionally through dramatic expressiveness.2. Ballet should have unified plots that were logical and understandable.3. The story should contribute to the central theme. Dance sol os, etc. that do not relate to the plot should be eliminated. Scenery, music, costumes and plot all should be unified and appropriate to the theme.4. Pantomime should be simpler and more understandableIn accordance to this set of criteria, the opening scene aligns itself to these requirements. With a clear narrative expressed, the dramatic orchestra music and the elaborately realistic set where all present in support of the plot where the dance execute sense. Despite the lack of speech or singing, the use of pantomime to tell the story on stage was evident in this opening scene. Although there is a generally clear and distinct storyline, the viewer of the movie was free to interpret the intricate details of the plot as it was not specifically articulated expression such as anguish, confusion and anxiety were expressed through the dancers using stereotypical and socially understood expressions. Without any prior knowledge of the historical mise en scene of the film, the viewer is s till able to interpret and understand the general happenings in the ballet performance by reading the body language of Nikolai Rodchenkov. Just as Noverre recommended, it was simple and logical, making it quite plain for audiences to understand. As such, the Russian classical ballet roots were evidently displayed through the character of Nikolai..Similarly, we also witness a distinctly American style of dancing (from the character of Raymond Greenwood) which has influences from the African-American community. One of the basic steps of tap dancing is shuffling which originated from the tribal African dances where they often keep their feet close to the ground in a bid to stay closely connected to the Earthly deities they believed in. Also, the repetitive rhythmic moves that harmoniously syncopates with the music in tap dancing are believed to be descendants of a tribal African dance concept where the repetition actually represented the cycle and pot of life. (Libraries, and Knowles. 21-23) Deeply connected to his complicatedly tough environment of Harlem, we see the past and motivation of Raymond Greenwood in a drunken tap dancing scene. Particularly, there was a share in the scene where Raymond spoke of his decision to join the military. This is aided with a marching-like rhythms expressed in his tap dancing, vividly painting the picture of his circumstances during that time to the viewer. Though rather melodramatic, the brief sequence could be seen as a piece in accordance to Noverres concept where dance steps should be sexual congress of a story to give meaning to these movements.As the plot progresses, it is observed that the characters were brought from Siberia to Leningrad. This is due to Raymonds persuasion (under the threat of the Soviet secret guard) and the eventual decision on Nikolais part to dance at the theatre in Leningrad. The two dancers then began to collaborate increasingly in their craft as their relationship and circumstances develop. T he two dancers slowly progress to merge or collaborate as they begin to gain trust with each other, plotting a route of escape from the secret police of the Soviet Union. Anchoring on their remarkable talent in dance, viewers are presented with a modern dance piece towards the end of film. This is where the two dancers performed a synchronised sequence accompanied by up-to-date 80s music, featuring moves that married elements from tap dancing, ballet and a kicking movement that viewers would inevitably related to Asian martial(a) arts. This collaboration not only created a climax in plot, it also depicted the chemistry that has develop between the two characters as they move in unison across the big screen.Notably, the brilliant choreography of award-winning choreographer, Twyla Tharp with the remarkable execution by George Hines and Mikhail Baryshnikov is evidence of how dance can become so diverse and fluidly applied in any circumstances. By Incorporating the different elements of modern ballet, with American tap dancing, choreographed according to a pop 80s piece of music, it resulted in an interesting and gentle dance sequence that effectively move the viewer emotionally and dramatically.Overall, dance and its development can always be credited to the political, social and cultural elements at work. Many a times, dance is a reaction toward the changes in these spheres that trigger an emotional and intellectual response. Through the film White Nights, the role of dance and effect of dance is demonstrated through the believable and talented actors. With the help of a clever screenplay and cinematography, the effect of watching a dance piece in theatres is successfully translated on to the big screen, allowing the beautiful world of modern ballet and tap dancing to become accessible to an even wider range of audience. Using the dance pieces to develop characters and propel the plot, one might consider White Nights the modern cinematic take on Noverres co ncept of a ballet anchored upon a central theme and plot.

Mba Y De La Educación Ejecutiva

Mba Y De La Educacin EjecutivaPublicado Sbado, 14 de febrero de 2009 a las 0600Las escuelas de negocios replantean la enseanza de valores tras la crisis y los fraudes recientes la essential lashing e teachmica es la primera que protagonizan los graduados de estos programas.expansionEstafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusin. (Foto Jorge Garaiz)Estafas como la de Bernard Madoff revigorizaron la discusin. (Foto Jorge Garaiz)ARTCULOS RELACIONADOSIPADE e ITAM, los mejores MBA en 2009 La escuela de negocios de la Universidad Panamericana glory de nuevo el ranking de Expansin.MBA de Harvard lidera ranking global 6 escuelas de EU, 3 inglesas y una espaola son la ms prestigiadas en la lista 2009 de Expansin.Los mejores MBA de Mxico 2008 El IPADE es la mejor opcin parity bit estudiar una Maestra en Administracin de Negocios en el pasLos mejores MBA globales 2008 El Master de Stanford es el ganador del ranking de Expansin 2008 y Harvard le pisa los talonesOTROS ENLACESenfo ques Testimonios y tipsenfoques 17 opciones en MxicoPor Gustavo Stok y cockerco AppelBUENOS AIRES/BRUSELAS La crisis puso en evidencia las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y de su formacin. Mientras asimilan el dao a su imagen, las escuelas de negocios empiezan a debatir y ensayan cambios en genus Sus programas y mtodos de enseanza.La sucesin de escndalos financieros, desde las acusaciones al CEO de Lehman Brothers, Richard Fuld Jr, por el presunto ocultamiento de informacin sobre el estado financiero del banco, hasta la estafa por unos 50,000 MDD de Bernard Madoff, ex presidente del Nasdaq, revigoriz una discusin que no es nueva.Esta reflexin sobre la importancia de la tica, del gobierno corporativo y de la responsabilidad social ya nos la hemos hecho cuando se produjo la debacle de Enron y las puntocom. Pero no fue suficiente al cabo de unos aos, volvimos a las andadas, dice Joan Fontrodona, director del departamento de tica de la IESE pipeline School, la escuela de direccin de l a Universidad de Navarra, en Barcelona.No obstante, el gran cambio paratrooper las escuelas de negocios es que, a diferencia de lo que suceda hace casi una dcada, esta discusin sobre la tica ejecutiva ya no constituye un mero ejercicio intelectual reflejado en casos de anlisis. Ahora, encontrar respuestas es una necesidad imperiosa para limitar los daos a la imagen de los centros de estudios.Esa necesidad fue uno de los motores que impulsaron a ms de 250 decanos de escuelas de negocios de todo el mundo a reunirse por primera vez el 6 de diciembre pasado en la sede de las Naciones Unidas, en Nueva York, para discutir cmo pueden ensear a las nuevas generaciones de lderes corporativos el valor global de la responsabilidad social.El Global Forum for Responsible Management Education tiene su origen en una iniciativa de varias escuelas que arranc en 2007, cuando la crisis financiera ya era un hecho. Inclusin y economa global sus decenniumtable son palabras nuevas en las escuelas de negoc ios hay que volverlas habituales, dijo en aquel encuentro ngel Cabrera, presidente de la Thunderbird School of Global Management y nominative de la fuerza de tarea internacional que deline los principios ticos que se difundieron en esa reunin.Cambios en marchaA fines de noviembre pasado, Harvard public una profunda investigacin sobre cul es el futuro de los MBA y de la educacin ejecutiva. El informe, en el que participaron 30 decanos de las escuelas ms prestigiosas del mundo, pone sobre la mesa tres cuestiones que los centros de estudios deberan incluir en sus programas para hacer frente a los desafos actuales globalizacin, enseanza experimental y desarrollo del liderazgo.Este ltimo tem es, precisamente, uno de los dficits que dej ms en evidencia la crisis. Los especialistas sostienen que, en los ltimos aos, buena parte de los MBA gir hacia un tipo de educacin calificada en el mbito cuantitativo, pero sin una buena formacin en las llamadas habilidades blandas. Resultado? Carencia d e lderes con capacidad para gestionar, comunicar y solucionar problemas ms all de sus funciones.A esto se sum la tendencia creciente a formar directivos cuya exclusiva preocupacin pasa por otorgar beneficios a los accionistas, y lograr para s mismos los jugosos incentivos. Con la crisis actual hemos quebrado tambin una idea acerca del objetivo de las escuelas de negocios, dijo Edward Freeman, profesor de tica de la Darden School of Business, de la Universidad de Virginia, en un panel, el pasado 24 de septiembre. Lo que hacen es capacitar a los estudiantes para convertirlos en especialistas funcionales, pero por lo que deberan estar preocupadas, antes que nada, es por entender cmo formar lderes que generen valor para los consumidores, proveedores, trabajadores, la comunidad y tambin para los inversionistas. Esos elementos van unidos, no separados. Si yo fuera profesor de Finanzas, me sentira humillado porque da la impresin que hicimos mal las cosas.Las escuelas de negocios estadounid enses que vieron salir a sus egresados de Lehman, Merril Lynch y otras firmas en crisis, no accedieron a las solicitudes de entre fit formuladas por Expansin. Harvard no respondi los pedidos, en NYU Stern sealaron que tenan otras prioridades urgentes que atender y desde Wharton invitaron a consultar el anlisis realizado sobre el origen de la crisis financiera en su pgina de internet.tica y catarsisEn Amrica Latina, las principales escuelas de negocios creen que los ajustes en sus programas y mtodos de enseanza no sern tan profundos como los que se esperan en EU. La razn? (en Amrica Latina) la preocupacin por temas ticos ya haba sido consistente en los ltimos aos, dice Leonidas Montes, profesor de Economa, Instituciones e Ideas Polticas y tica de los Negocios de la Universidad Adolfo Ibez, en Santiago de Chile.En todo caso, en tiempos de crisis, la apuesta pasa por fortalecer las discusiones de corte formativo, de tica y balance de vida. En Mxico, el IPADE, que siempre se ha enfocado en los valores, lo est haciendo mediante el anlisis de casos emblemticos. Uno de ellos es el de Vicente, un financiero egresado de esta escuela, de 32 aos, con voracidad por el dinero, que duerme poco, toma medicamentos y est distanciado de su esposa y amigos. Todo eso conforma una problemtica oculta, de la que no se habla con los jefes. A veces porque los mismos jefes son Vicentes que tienen a cargo a otros Vicentes. La crisis econmica es consecuencia de esos individualismos, de los problemas de personas y grupos de personas y a ese tipo de gente se le ha formado en las escuelas de negocios, dice Carlos Alejandro Armenta Pico, profesor de tica del IPADE. Adems de Vicente, esta institucin trabaja con otros casos paradigmticos, como el de un ejecutivo enredado en un sistema que premia al que trabaja 16 horas por da, entre otros ejemplos.En Argentina, el IAE Business School, en tanto, incluy en su oferta una serie de seminarios utilizados para catarsis de los ejecutivos. En tiempos d e crisis, los tres grandes ejes temticos de las escuelas de negocios debieran ser valores ticos, gobierno corporativo y, el ms importante, cmo motivar a la gente en situaciones como la crisis, dice Jos Mara Corrales, profesor y director del rea acadmica de Sistemas de Direccin y Control del IAE, en Buenos Aires. La escuela (es) tambin el mbito para que altos directivos hagan una suerte de catarsis, compartir experiencias. Hay mucha inquietud, mucha desazn, y eso est generando una alta demanda en los seminarios.Los especialistas advierten que esto tendr efectos globales. Los MBA no tendrn la misma influencia si se les ve como boletos automticos a ciertos empleos, comenta Philippe Haspeslagh, decano de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School, en Blgica. En tanto, para el argentino Claudio Fernndez Aroz, socio de la firma de cazatalentos Egon Zehnder Internacional, una de las consecuencias pasar por imponer criterios ms rigurosos de seleccin del personal. La demanda de los MBA no debe ra disminuir, si bien las compaas tendrn que ser mucho ms cuidadosas y selectivas en sus contrataciones, dice.Avaricia y falta de tica, ausencia de liderazgo e individualismo. La crisis dej al desnudo las carencias de muchos ejecutivos y, por extensin, de su formacin. Nos guste o no, las escuelas de negocios nos veremos afectadas () Eso s, es probable que, en primer trmino, se observe ms hacia las escuelas estadounidenses, ms enfocadas en finanzas, comenta Camino de Paz, directora ejecutiva de programas MBA de la IE-Instituto de Empresa Business School, en Espaa.Las escuelas europeas, incluso, esperan que crezca el inters por estudiar en Europa por sobre EU. A Katia Muoz Serrano le ofrecieron una beca para estudiar un MBA en Boston, pero lo rechac porque culturalmente no encontraba valor agregado en Estados Unidos, dice. Ella escogi la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School porque era la nica que tena un enfoque en la Responsabilidad Social Corporativa.Las escuelas europeas confan en que casos como ste se multipliquen e intentan marcar distancias con las estadounidenses. Hay una gran diferencia entre las escuelas que orientan sus MBA a una enseanza ms amplia del management, y las otras que llamamos fbricas de MBA, que estn dirigidas a (satisfacer) a Wall alley o Londres ms de 60% de los estudiantes de MBA estn trabajando en el sector financiero, seala Haspeslagh, de la Vlerick Leuven Gent Management School.El prestigio de nuestras escuelas podra euphony un poco menos daado que el de las estadounidenses, y aunque todava es muy pronto para determinar si ms candidatos latinoamericanos van a volver la vista a las escuelas europeas, si el debate y la polmica sobre los valores crecen, es posible que haya ms interesados en Latinoamrica por nuestras escuelas, prev Camino de Paz, de la IE.

GSK3 Beta :: essays research papers

SECTION IScientific Rationale for Selection of the chumpA.Characterization of TargetDiabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of glucose and glucagon in the blood of diabetic patients. The most frequently cited rationalness for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is either a lack of insulin secretion (DM Type I) and/or, more commonly, the resistance to insulin in the peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and adipose tissue (DM type II). Hence, insulin has vast been a target for the treatment of DM. In DM Type I, intravenous or subcutaneous insulin injection has often been the norm. Iatrogenic insulin administration, insulino-mimetics, or insulin-secretagogues have been the study modalities of treatment for DM type II however, these treatments do not address the resistance in peripheral tissues to insulin. Essentially, these methods offer a brute-force method of treating hyperglycemia, by increase levels of a decreasi ngly effective hormone (Champ).Under normal physiological conditions, insulin binds to the insulin receptor and becomes phosphorylated as a result. The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds to and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream planetary house proteins. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), a downstream effector of IRS, is critical for the metabolic action of insulin - glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis (FIGRURE 1) (Virkamaki). It has been discovered that protein kinase B (PKB), a downstream target of PI3-kinase flat phosphorylates and, as a result, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 is a kinase, present in two nearly identical isoforms (GSK 3a and GSK 3b), which are constitutively active in resting cells of various tissues. When active, GSK-3 phosphorylates and inhibits, glycogen synthase, in effect blocking the synthesis of glycogen and favoring the presence of glucose monomers in the blood. GSK-3 also phosphorylates and inhibits IRS-1, the presence of which is associated with insulin resistance (Eldar). Furthermore, GSK-3, which is responsible for blocking the synthesis of glycogen, is inhibited by insulin and therefore, effectively acts as a GSK-3 inhibitor. During peripheral resistance of insulin, as seen in DM type II patients, GSK-3 is no longer through binding of insulin to its receptor. Purportedly, GSK-3 limits insulin action via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and it also inhibits glycogen synthase by the same mechanism. Hence by inhibiting IRS-1, PI3K is no longer activated to inhibit GSK-3. Essentially, GSK-3 triggers a negative feedback mechanism that results in its own disinhibition. (FIGURE 2) Novel methods in the treatment of DM type II, involves targeting the signaling pathway of insulin rather than increasing insulin concentrations in a patient.

Vietnam War History :: essays research papers

Sometime between 200 B.C. and A.D. 200, the intermingling of the Red River Deltas early inhabitants resulted in a distinct Vietnamese people. Virtually from the outset, the Vietnamese were ruled by the Chinese, and they would continue to be until A.D. 938. During the centuries of Chinese control everywhere the Red River Delta, two autarkical states rose to power in what is now central and southern VietNam. From the first to the sixth centuries, the kingdom of Funan held sway aver the Mekong Delta and the region that is now Cambodia the kingdom was over thrown by the Mon-Khmer, who founded the Cambodian empire. Along the coast of central VietNam, the kingdom of Champa ruled from the late second century until the 15th, when it was conquered by the Vietnamese, who expanded steadily southwards after expelling the Chinese. In the 17th and early 18th centuries, the Vietnamese would wrest the Mekong Delta from Cambodia, essentially completing the formation of their country. Of the more than a dozen dynasties that lose ruled independent VietNam, three are considered "great." The first was the Ly (1009-1225), whose rulers established Hanoi as their capital in the year 1010, naming it Thang Long, the City of the Soaring Dragon. (It was not until 1831 that the name Hanoi-City in a Bend of the River-came into use.) The Ly built new roads, dikes, and canals, and they vigorously promoted agriculture. In 1044 - 22 years before William the Conqueror invaded England the Ly founded VietNams first postal service. The Ly dynasty stop in overthrow by the Tran, who established the second great dynasty (1225-1400). In 1407, the Chinese reconquered VietNam, but this time their rule lasted only two decades. In 1428, they were determined out by the Vietnamese hero who established the third great dynasty, Le Loi. The Le dynasty, which held power until 1524, introduced a series of remarkable reforms. Arts, literature, and education were promoted. full-grown landowners were forced to distribute their holdings to the land less. Legal reforms gave women nearly equal rights with men. In the 17th and 18th centuries, VietNam was split by warring factions. Northern VietNam was ruled by the powerful Trinh Lords, the south controlled by lords of the Nguyen line. In 1786, three brothers, the Tay Son, briefly reunited the country, but even as they fought to depose the Trinh and Nguyen lords, their empire began fragmenting.